Comparative performance evaluation of intercultural implements in cotton field

Abstract

Cotton (Gossypium) is an essential oil seed and fabric cash crop, lifeline for textile and palm-oil industry of Pakistan. It is planted during “summer” season from April to June, mainly in two provinces with Punjab 75% and Sindh 25% of the total area. Major cause of low productivity in cotton is the heavy weed infestation. Effective weed control is vital, as weeds uses most of space, sunlight, water and nutrients due to their fast growth habits. Various kinds of pre and post emergence herbicides are under use in cotton. Their excessive use degrading air, water, soil environment and quality of produce. To protect environment and to attain sustainable development goals a small scale intercultural implement suitable for small farmers under existing condition of cotton was developed during 2018-19. Three shapes of blades (L, C, and J) were designed and fabricated. Implement performance was tested under local condition of South Punjab for cotton at Maher-Rab-Nawaz-Sial Agriculture Farm, Mukhiana tehsil and district Jhang. Field performance was tested for weeding efficiency, plant damage, speed, depth, theoretical field capacity, effective field capacity, field efficiency, fuel consumption and operational cost. Its performance was compared with the available rotary weeder. The data recorded for each parameter was statistical analyzed using Randomized Complete Block Design. Statistical software 8.1 was used for ANOVA and treatment means were compared at 5% level of probability. It was concluded that the performance of L-shaped blade was better in cotton field as compared to other types of blades.