Cytotoxicity of fractions from Quisqualis indica Linn. against selected human cancer cell lines
Paper Details
Cytotoxicity of fractions from Quisqualis indica Linn. against selected human cancer cell lines
Abstract
Recent studies on treatment and prevention of cancer focus on the cytotoxic activity of natural products and their derivatives. Quisqualis indica Linn. Or locally known as niyog-niyogan, is a woody vine with ethnobotanical uses containing bioactive chemical compounds that confer it a myriad of properties. In this study, the cytotoxicity of Q. indica leaf extracts was tested on selected human cancer cell lines. Crude ethanolic leaf extract of Q. indica was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. Hexane partition was determined to be the most active and most selective partition, being cytotoxic only against human colorectal cancer (HCT-116) cells. Isocratic and gradient column chromatography techniques were performed to further separate the components of the hexane partition. Sub-fractions from gradient column chromatography proved to by cytotoxic to all three cancer cell lines tested and was highly selective against cancer cells as indicated by its inactivity against the non-cancer cell line Chinese hamster ovarian fibroblast (AA8). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) Assay further highlighted that the sub-fraction of interest induced its cytotoxicity via apoptosis as indicated by the presence of DNA laddering. Lastly, Phytochemical screening narrowed down the possible bioactive compounds of Q. indica leaves to alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and flavonoids. The findings of the study proved that Q. indica may be a source of compound/s with potential for development into cytotoxic agents, which were highly selective against colorectal cancer.
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