Determination of arsenic level in groundwater of Kandhkot City
Paper Details
Determination of arsenic level in groundwater of Kandhkot City
Abstract
Water is an essential component for the survival of humans and animals. Due to industrialization, water is being contaminated with varying polluting agents, arsenic (As) contamination is one of them. An exclusive study was carried out for the determination of arsenic in groundwater of Kandhkot city using microwave-assisted digestion followed by atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). For that, a total of 112 groundwater samples were collected from different sampling points on basis of the wards from Kandhkot city during the year 2017 followed by ISO sampling method. Results exposed that maximum concentration of arsenic in groundwater was found 23.0 μgL-1 in ward-11 & 13, while in ward-02, ward-03, ward-04, ward-06, ward-08, and ward-15 the concentration was within the permissible limits of WHO (10 μgL-1). The minimum and maximum mean concentrations of arsenic were found 6.4 μgL-1 and 13.8 μgL-1 respectively. Out of 112 groundwater samples of Kandhkot city, 35 samples were found above the permissible limits which become the (~39% of total samples). The human subject study indicated that in UC-3, UC-4, UC-1, and UC-2 of total 135, 84, 73, and 68 people were suffering from various diseases, possibly due to contamination of Arsenic in their groundwater. Hence, water can be used for drinking purposes with caution. Human health risk in ward-09, ward-10, ward-11, ward-12 and ward-13 index were found 0.86, 0.80, 0.88, 0.76 and 0.78 respectively. In the rest of the wards, risk values were found below the Risk limit of (0.66). The people of high health risk index can be affected by carcinogenic diseases. It was concluded that groundwater of Kandhkot city of wards 9 to 13 is not fit for drinking purposes on the basis ADI calculation.
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