Determination of dust emissions concentration in desert wetlands (Case study: Meighan wetland, Iran )
Paper Details
Determination of dust emissions concentration in desert wetlands (Case study: Meighan wetland, Iran )
Abstract
The hunting prohibited area in Arak’s Meighan wetland is located in the central part of Iran country and in an arid and semi-arid region. In the warm season, the region with its particular desert condition is considered as one of 187 important cores of desertification and dust emissions in the center of the country and in the vicinity of Arak metropolis. The study was using Maxent method with eight variables i.e. soil moisture, wind erosion, temperature, land use, ndvi, wind speed, rainfall, and soil type, and 200 focal points of dust emission. The emission rate was calculated using EPA formulation. The modeling of dust emissions concentration was undertaken employing SCREEN3 for Windows software. The results indicate that an area of 11123.48ha, equivalent to 46.30 %, in the hunting prohibited area of Meighan wetland is the focal point of dust emission. The model validity is 0.844 revealing the excellent performance of Maxent method. Wind speed, soil type, wind erosion, soil moisture and land use are respectively known as the variables with the greatest impact on dust emissions. The rate of dust emission from Meighan wetland is 1067.71 tons/year. Dust emissions concentration in summer and under optimum atmospheric condition with the increase of dust, F and D class, within 10 km of dust emission focal point is 214.97 μg/m³. Comparison of the modeled data and real data confirms the acceptable accuracy of the modeled data. Appropriate solutions are wind erosion control using desertification procedures, protection of water demand in Meighan wetland, and prevention measures against land use changes.
Ansari A. 2016. The final report of the research project “Identification of harvesting centers and effective factors of dust storms in Mighan Desert Wetland”. Arak University.
Baddock MC, Bullard JE, Bryant RG. 2009. “Dust source identification using MODIS: A comparison of techniques applied to the Lake Eyre Basin, Australia”. Remote Sensing of Environment 113, 1511-1528.
Charles PJ. 2015 .CAUTION DUST STORMS DO EXIST (and so do mountains): Modeling dust source suitability within an object-oriented geoecology . Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, International Society for Geomorphometry, Poznań.
Chow JC. 1994. A laboratory resuspension chamber to measure fugitive dust size distributions and chemical compositions. Atmospheric Environment, 28, 3463–3481.
Clausnitzer H. 1996, Respirable-dust Production from Agricultural Operations in the Sacramento.
Di M, Lu X, Sun L, Wang P. 2008. A Dust-Storm Process Dynamic Monitoring With Multi-Temporal MODIS Data.21st, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 37, 965-970.
Environment Research Group, 2014. The final report of the project Study Factory activity on the ecosystem effects of sodium sulfate Meghan Arak. And management options. Mineral salts companies in Iran.
Gillette DA. 1979. Environmental factors affecting dust emission by wind erosion. Morales: Saharan Dust, Ch. 4. Wiley, New York.
Giovanelli JGR, De Siqueira MF, Haddad CFB, Alexandrino J. 2010. Modeling a spatially restricted distribution in the Neotropics: how the size of calibration area affects the performance of five presence-only methods. Ecological Modelling, 221, 215–224.
Helali J. 2013. “Zoning number of days with dust phenomenon in Iran, using GIS techniques.” The third national conference on wind erosion and dust storms. http://download.freedownloadmanager.org/Windows-PC/SCREEN3-for-Windows/FREE-6.1.html http://markazi.doe.ir/Portal/home/http://markazimet.ir/
Huang JP, Minnis P, Lin B, Wang T, Yi Y, Hu Y, Sun-Mack S, Ayers K. 2006. Possible influences of Asian dust aerosols on cloud properties and radiative forc- ing observed from MODIS and CERES. Geophysical Reseach Letters, 33.
Jaffe D, Snow J, Cooper O. 2003. The 2001 Asian dust events: Transport and impact on surface aerosol con- centrations in the US. Eos, 84, 501-506. https://doi:10.1029/2003EO460001.
Jdidaleslam D. 2011. ” the source finding of wind deposits half of well Zabul.” Journal of Applied Geology.
Jutze C. 1976. Factors inßuencing emissions from fugitive dust. Proc. Symposium on Fugitive Emission Measurement and Control. May 1976, Hartford, CT.
Kulshrestha UC. 1996. Investigation into Atmospheric Deposition Through Precipitation Studies at New Delhi. Atmospheric Environment 30, 4149-4154.
Lee JA, Gill TE, Mulligan KR, Dominguez Acosta M, Perez AE. 2009. “Land use/land cover and point sources of the 15 December 2003 dust storm in southwestern North America”. Geomorphology 105, 18-27.
Liu WD. 2002. Study on the Methods of Evaluating Fugitive Dust Emission Rate in Taiwan, The fifteenth conference of air pollution control strategies, ROC.
Masatoshi Y. 2002. Climatology of yellow sand (Asian sand, Asian dust or Kosa) in East Asia. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 45, 59-70.
OAQPS (EPA). 1977. Guideline for Development of Control Strategies in Areas with Fugitive Dust Problems. EPA- 405, 2-77-029.
Phillips SJ, Dudík M. 2008. “Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: New extensions and a comprehensive evaluation”. Ecography 31, 161-175.
Rivera Rivera NI, Gill TE, Bleiweiss MP, Hand JL. 2010. “Source characteristics of hazardous Chihuahuan Desert dust outbreaks”. Atmospheric Environment 44, 2457-2468.
Thornthwaite CW. 1948. An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geography Review. 38, 55-94.
Turner DB. 1964. A diffusion model for an urban area. J. Appl. Meteor 3, 83-91.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1995. SCREEN3 Model User’s Guide, EPA-454/B-95-004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.Valley. Journal of Environmental Quality, 25,877-884.
Veranth JM, Pardyjak ER, Seshadri G. 2003. Vehicle-generated Fugitive Dust Transport: Analytic Models and Field Study, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 2295–2303. www.beeline-software.com/downloadSCREEN3-for-Windows
Zheng X, Lu F, Fang X, Wang Y, Guo L. 1998. Study of dust storms in china using satellite data, optical remote sensing of the atmospher and clouds. 3501, 163-168.
Zoljoodi M, Didevarasl A, Ranjbar A. 2013. Dust events in the western parts of Iran and the relationship with drought expansion over the dust-source areas in Iraq and Syria. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences (ACS), in pressGoudie, A.S., Middleton, N.J., 2006. Desert dust in the Global system. Springer, printed in Germany 287, 157-165.
Amir Ansari (2017), Determination of dust emissions concentration in desert wetlands (Case study: Meighan wetland, Iran ); JBES, V10, N2, February, P89-97
https://innspub.net/determination-of-dust-emissions-concentration-in-desert-wetlands-case-study-meighan-wetland-iran/
Copyright © 2017
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0