Development and evaluation of calcium fortified date bars from indigenous sources
Paper Details
Development and evaluation of calcium fortified date bars from indigenous sources
Abstract
Calcium (Ca+) is one of the most important minerals which is required by human body to sustain and construct strong teeth and bones. Also, calcium plays a vital role in proper working of the cardiac nerves, regulation of blood pressure and stretching and relaxing of muscles. The deficiency of calcium could lead to week teeth and bones and many conditions like osteoporosis and osteopenia. The purpose of the study was to develop calcium fortified bars. Chicken eggshell powder and calcium carbonate were used as main source of calcium. All the necessary ingredients were procured from local market Faisalabad. Calcium fortified bars were prepared with different percentage of calcium with respect to DRI value (50 %, 60 % and 75 %). All the raw material was analyzed for proximate composition following standard methods of AOAC. The bars were evaluated for proximate composition and mineral profile following the standard methods of AOAC (2006). It was observed that chicken egg-shell powder is an excellent source of various minerals including Nitrogen (0.542 ± 0.01), Calcium (37.7 ± 0.12), Magnesium (0.29 ± 0.01), Phosphorus (0.202 ± 0.00), Potassium (0.077 ± 0.00), Sodium (0.13 ± 0.00) and Carbonate (36.8 ± 0.02).All the bars were found to be shelf stable. It was concluded in current study that egg shell powder could be used as an alternate of calcium carbonate for development of calcium fortified bars.
Adebowale AA, Sanni SA, Falore OA. 2011. Varietal Differences in the Physical Properties and Proximate Composition of Elite Sesame Seeds. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7(1), 42-46.
Agunbiade SO, Olanlokun JO. 2006. Evaluation of Some Nutritional Characteristics of Indian Almond (Prunus Amygdalus) Nut. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 5(4), 316-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2006.316.318
AOAC. 2012. Official Methods of Analysis, 19th ed., Gaithersburg, MD.
Atasie VN, Akinhanmi TF, Ojiodu CC. 2009. Proximate Analysis and Physicochemical Properties of Groundnut (ArachisHypogaea L). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8(2), 194-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.194.197
Braam LAJLM, Knapen MHJ, Geusens P, Brouns FJPH, Hamulyak K, Gerichhausen MJW, Vermeer C. 2003. Vitamin K1 Supplementation Retards Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women between 50 and 60 Years of Age. Calcified Tissue International 73(1), 21-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-002-2084-4
Ensrud KE, Duong TU, Cauley JA, Heaney RP, Wolf RL, Harris E, Cummings SR. 2000. Low Fractional Calcium Absorption Increases the Risk for Hip Fracture in Women with Low Calcium Intake. Annals of Internal Medicine 132(5), 345-353. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-5-200003070-00003
Heaney RP. 2001. Nutrition and Risk for Osteoporosis. In Osteoporosis. Academic Press 669-700.
Heaney RP, Dowell MS, Rafferty K, Bierman J. 2000. Bioavailability of the Calcium in Fortified Soy Imitation Milk, with Some Observations on Method. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71(5), 1166-1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1166
Houtkooper L, Farrell VA. 2017. Calcium Supplement Guidelines.
Jamil MS, Nadeem R, Hanif MA, Ali MA, Akhtar K. 2010. Proximate Composition and Mineral Profile of Eight Different Unstudied Date (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) Varieties from Pakistan. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(22), 3252-3259.
Kerstetter JE, O’Brien KO, Insogna KL. 2003. Low Protein Intake: the Impact on Calcium and Bone Homeostasis in Humans. The Journal of Nutrition 133(3), 855S-861S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.3.855S
Klingensmith PM, Hester PY. 1985. Effects of an Induced Molt and Shell Quality on the Physical Dimensions and Mineral Composition of Eggs and Intrauterine pH. Poultry Science 64(12), 2368-2376.
Lee JT, Moore CE, Radcliffe JD. 2015. Consumption of Calcium-Fortified Cereal Bars to Improve Dietary Calcium Intake of Healthy Women: Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. Plos One 10(5), e0125207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125207
Macneil JH. 2006. U.S. Patent No. 7,007,806. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Meilgaard M, Civille GV, Carr BT. 2007. Overall Difference Tests: Does a Sensory Difference Exist Between Samples. Sensory Evaluation Techniques 4, 63-104.
Montomoli M, Gonnelli S, Giacchi M, Mattei R, Cuda C, Rossi S, Gennari C. 2002. Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Nutritional Calcium Intake Assessment in Italian Women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56(1), 21.
Murakmi FS, Rodrigues PO. Campos CM. 2007. Physicochemical Study of Calcium Carbonate from Eggshells. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos 27(3), 658-662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S010120612007000300035
Nadeem M, Haseeb M, Aziz Awan J. 2012. Development and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Apricot-Date Bars. Journal of Agricultural Research03681157, 50(3).
Nadeem M, Muhammad Anjum F, Murtaza MA, Mueen-ud-Din G. 2012. Development, Characterization, and Optimization of Protein Level in Date Bars Using Response Surface Methodology. The Scientific World Journal.
Omi N, Ezawa I. 1998. Effect of Egg-Shell Ca on Preventing of Bone Loss after Ovariectomy. Journal of Home Economics of Japan 49, 227–82.
Peterlik M, Cross HS. 2005. Vitamin D and Calcium deficits predispose for Multiple Chronic Diseases. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 35, 29-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01487.x
Ranjha MMAN, Irfan S, Nadeem M, Mahmood S. 2020. A Comprehensive Review on Nutritional Value, Medicinal Uses, and Processing of Banana. Food Reviews International. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2020.1725890
Schaafsma A, Pakan I, Hofstede GJH, Muskiet FA, Van Der Veer E, De Vries PJF. 2000. Mineral, Amino Acid, and Hormonal Composition of Chicken Eggshell Powder and the Evaluation of its use in Human Nutrition. Poultry Science 79(12), 1833-1838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.12.1833
Thakker RV. 2006. Hypocalcemia: Pathogenesis, Differential Diagnosis and Management. American Society of Bone and Mineral Research 35, 213.
Wasagu RSU, Shehu S, Mode YD. 2013. Comparative proximate composition and Antioxidant Vitamins Contents of Two Honey Varieties (Light Amber and Dark Amber) from Sokoto State, Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 6(2), 118-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v6i2.25
Yoo S, Hsieh JS, Zou P, Kokoszka J. 2009. Utilization of Calcium Carbonate Particles from Eggshell Waste as Coating Pigments for Ink-Jet Printing Paper. Bioresource Technology 100(24), 6416-6421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.112
Asma Yawar, Tayyaba Samiullah, Zilli Huma Nazli, Beenish Israr, Tabussam Tufail (2020), Development and evaluation of calcium fortified date bars from indigenous sources; IJB, V16, N4, April, P380-389
https://innspub.net/development-and-evaluation-of-calcium-fortified-date-bars-from-indigenous-sources/
Copyright © 2020
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0