Developmental biology of Encarsiasophia (Girault and Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Paper Details
Developmental biology of Encarsiasophia (Girault and Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Abstract
Encarsiasophia(Girault and Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is an abundant parasitoid of Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Pakistan. Biological studies of E. sophia were carried out on brinjal (Solanummelongena) in Insectary Biological Control Labs., NARC, Islamabad at 25±1°C, 60±5% RH and 14:10 L:D Photoperiod. Results demonstrated that mated E. sophia laid female eggs internally in whitefly nymphs (primary host) while male developed hyperparasitically by laying male eggs on the surface of 3rd instar larva (secondary host) by a virgin female. Both sexes have same developmental stages i.e. egg, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instar larva, a pre-pupal and pupa stage. Time from egg to adult development till emergence was lower in female E. sophia (12.61±0.13 days) and was observed higher in male E. sophia (13.94±0.16 days). Super-parasitism was not observed in controlled experimental conditions but was common in glasshouse conditions. For developing mass-rearing protocols, our results will provide useful directions and contribute during field releases trials for controlling B. tabacipopulations.
Ali A, Rizvi PQ. 2007. Age specific survival and fecundity table of CoccinellaseptempunctataL. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on different aphid species, Ann. Plant Protec. Sci. 15(2), 329-334.
Antony BM, Palaniswami S, Henneberry TJ. 2003. Encarsiatransvena Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) development on different Bemisiatabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) instars. Environmental Entomology 32(3), 584-591.
Bethke JA, Paine TD, Nuessley GS. 1991. Comparative biology, morphometics, and development of two populations of Bemisiatabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on cotton and poinsettia. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 84(4), 407-411.
Chu CC, Cohen AC, Natwick ET, Simmon GS, Hennberry TJ. 1999. Bemisatabaci(Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) infestation. Journal of Cotton Science 2, 1-9.
Gerling D. 1983. Observations of biologies and interrelationships of parasites attacking the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodesvaporariorum (West.), in Hawaii. Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society 24, 217-225.
Giorgini M, Baldanza F. 2004. Species status of two populations of Encarsiasophia (Girault & Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) native to different geographic areas. Biological Control 30, 25-35.
Heraty JM, Polaszek A. 2000. Morphometric analysis and descriptions of selected species in the Encarsiasternua group (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). J. Hymenoptera Res. 9, 142-169.
Hunter MS, Goldfray CJ. 1995. Ecological determinants of sex allocation in an autoparasitoid wasp. Journal of Animal Ecology 64, 95-106.
Hunter MS, Kelly SE. 1998. Hyperparasitism by an exotic autoparasitoid: secondary host selection and the window of vulnerability of conspecific and native heterospecific hosts. Entomologia Experimentaliset Applicata. 89, 249-259.
Hunter MS, Woolley JB. 2001. Evolution and behavioural ecology of heteronomous aphelinidparasitoids. Ann. Rev. Entomol., 46, 251-290.
Otim ML, Kyamanywa S, Polaszek A, Gerling D. 2005. Occurrence and activity of Bemisiatabaciparasitoids on cassava in different agro-ecologies in Uganda. Biological Control 50, 87-95.
Palaniswami MS, Antony B, Lisha VS, Hennebery TJ. 2001. Sweet potato Whitefly Bemisiatabaci: Ecobiology, host interaction and natural enemies. Entomon 26, 256-262.
Perring TM. 2001. The Bemisiatabacicomplex. Crop Prot., 20, 725-737.
Polaszek A, Evans GA, Bennet FD. 1992. Encarsiaparasitoids of Bemisiatabaci(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae; Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): a preliminary guide to identification. Bulletin Entomological Research 2, 375-392.
Roltsch WJ, Goolsby JA. 1998. Field cage evaluations of non-indigenous silverleaf whitefly, Bemisiaargentifolii, parasitoids on desert crop plants p. 29-30.
Timberlake PH. 1926. New Species of Hawaiian chalcid flies (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 6, 305-320.
Van Lenteren JC. 2000. A greenhouse without pesticides: fact or fantasy? Crop Protection19, 375-384.
Walter GH. 1983. Differences in host relationships between male and female heteronomous parasitoid (Aphelinidae: Chalcidoidae): A review of host location, oviposition and preimaginal physiology and morphology. J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr., 46, 261-282.
Wylie HG. 1983. Delayed development of Microctomusvittatae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in super parasitized adults of Phyllotretacruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).Can. Entomol. 115, 441-422.
Zang LS, Liu TX. 2008. Host feeding of three whitefly parasitoid species on Bemisiatabaci B biotype, with implication for whitefly biological control. Entomol Exp Appl., 27, 55–63.
Zang LS, Liu TX. 2009. Food-deprived host-feeding parasitoids kill more pest insects.Bio controlScience and Technology 19, 573-583.
Zang LS, Liu TX, Wan FH. 2011. Reevaluation of the value of autoparasitoidsin biological control. PLoS One 6(5), e20324.
Asmatun Nisa, Ehsan Ul Haq (2015), Developmental biology of Encarsiasophia (Girault and Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae); JBES, V7, N6, December, P103-110
https://innspub.net/developmental-biology-of-encarsiasophia-girault-and-dodd-hymenoptera-aphelinidae-on-bemisiatabaci-gennadius-hemiptera-aleyrodidae/
Copyright © 2015
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0