home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Diversity of plant parasitic nematodes associated with common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the Central Highlands of Kenya

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/01/2018
Views (401) Download (14)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Diversity of plant parasitic nematodes associated with common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the Central Highlands of Kenya

J. W. Waceke
Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res.12( 1), 62-68, January 2018.
Certificate: IJAAR 2018 [Generate Certificate]
Key: Disease severityGall indexMeloidogynePPN densitiesPratylenchus

Abstract

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are the most important legume staple food in Kenya coming second to maize. In Central Highlands of Kenya, the 0.4-0.5ton ha-1 output is below the genetic yield potential of 1.5-2ton ha-1 partly due pests and diseases. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) have been reported to cause yield losses of up to 60% on beans. Though bean production is important in the Central highlands of Kenya, information on PPN associated with the beans in the region is lacking. This study was therefore undertaken to establish the diversity of PPN associated with common beans and to assess the root knot nematode damage on beans in the region. The study covered 50 farms (32 in Kirinyaga and 18 in Embu Counties) distributed in eight localities namely Kibirigwi (L1), Makutano (L2), Kagio (L3), Mwea (L4) and Kutus (L5) in Kirinyaga County and Nembure (L6), Manyatta (L7) and Runyenjes (L8) in Embu County and covering three Agro Ecological Zones (AEZs); UM2 (L1, L2, L3 & L4), UM3 (L5, L7 & L8) and UM4 (L6) AEZs. Manyatta (L7) and Nembure (L6), had the highest and second highest gall indices, respectively, while Kibirigwi (L1), Makutano (L2) and Mwea (L4) had some of the lowest gall indices. The most common PPN in bean roots were Meloidogyne spp. Pratylenchus spp. and Scutellonema spp. with a frequency of 94.38%, 78.25% and 59.13%, respectively. This further confirm the importance of these nematodes in bean production systems. Upper Midland 3 (UM3) AEZs and UM4 had higher nematode population densities and diversity than UM2. Disease severity and nematode composition and distribution were notably low in the irrigated areas Kibirigwi, Kagio and Mwea compared to rain-fed areas such as Makutano, Nembure and Manyatta.

VIEWS 23
Cover PDF

Bridge, Page. 1980. Estimation of Root-Knot Nematode Infestation Levels on Roots Using a Rating Chart. Tropical Pest Management 26(3), 296-298

Hooper DJ, Hallmann J, Subbotin SA. 2005. Methods for extraction, processing and detection of plant and soil nematodes. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture 2nd edition. Luc. M., Sikora, R. A. and Bridge, J. (Eds), pg 53-80. CAB international, Oxfordshire U.K.

Jaetzold R, Schmidt H. 1983. Farm Management Handbook of Kenya. Vol. III Ministry of Agriculture Nairobi Kenya.

Karanja NK, Kimenju JW, Macharia I, Muiru DM. 2003. Plant parasitic nematode associated with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and integrated management approaches. African Crop Science Journal 11, 503-510.

Katungi E, Farrow A, Mutuoki T, Gebeyehu S, Karanja D, Alemayehu F, Sperling F, Beebe S, Rubyogo RC, Buruchara R. 2010. Improving common bean productivity: an analysis of socio-economic factors in Ethiopia and Eastern Kenya. Baseline Report Tropical legumes II. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical – CIAT. Cali Colombia.

Kavuluko JM, Gichuki C, Waceke JW, Runo SM. 2010. Characterization of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) from selected legumes in Mbeere District Kenya using isoenzyme phenotypes. In “Transforming Agriculture for improved livelihoods through Agricultural Product Value Chains: The Proceedings of the 12th KARI Biennial Scientific Conference”8- 12th Nov 2010 Nairobi Kenya Pg. 92- 97.

Kimenju JW, Karanja NK, Macharia I. 1999. Plant parasitic nematodes associated with common beans in Kenya and the effect of Meloidogyne infection on bean nodulation. African Crop Science Journal 7, 503-510.

Mwaniki A. 2015. Assessment of Bean Production Constraints and Seed Quality and Health of Improved Common Bean Seed. African Crop Science Journal 13, 116-121.

Omwega CO, Thomason IJ, Roberts P, Waines CG. 1989. Identification of new sources of resistance to the root knot nematodes in Phaseolus. Crop science 29, 1463-1468.

Rheenen HA, VanHassebach OE, Mungai SGS. 1981. The effects of growing beans together with maize on incidence of bean diseases and pest. Netherlands Journal of Plant pathology 87,193-199.

Silva dos Santos LN, Alves FR, Belan LL, Cabral PDS, Matta FP, Junior WCJ, Moraes WB. 2012. Damage quantification and reaction of bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 and Meloidogyne. javanica. Summa Phytopathol Botucatu 38, 24-29.

Talwana H, Davis KG, Waceke JW, Sibanda Z, Manzanilla-Lopez R, Kimenju JW, Nessie DL, Masawe C. 2016. Agricultural nematology in East and Southern Africa: Problems, Management Strategies and Stakeholder linkages. Pest Management Science 72, 226-245.

Waceke JW, Arim JO, Waudo SW, Kimenju JW. 2007. Impact of some soil fertility management practices on lesion nematodes of maize in Kenya. First Biennual Meeting of the Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building In Agriculture, 23-27 April 2007, Mangochi, Malawi pp 179-186.

Waceke JW, Arim OJ. 2017. Management of lesion nematodes on maize using green and cattle manures in the Central Highlands of Kenya. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch 2(6), 52-66.

Waceke JW, Chege FN. 2017. Response of common beans to a mixed population of Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne arenaria (Root Knot Nematodes) In Central Highlands of Kenya. In Press.

Waceke JW, Waudo SW. 2001. Effect of time on efficacy of organic soil amendments against Meloidogyne incognita on okra. East Africa Agriculture and Forestry Journal 67(1), 19-29.

Wesemael WM, Maurice M. 2012. Screening of common bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) for resistance against temperate root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp). Pest Management Science 68, 702-708.

Wortmann CS, Allen DJ. 1994. Africa bean production environments: their definition, characteristics and constraints. Network on Bean Research in Africa, Occasional Paper Series No.11, CIAT, Dar-es-saalam.

Submit Manuscript