Effect of chemical and biological fertilizer on rice yield, growth and quality in paddy soil of Guilan province (Iran)
Paper Details
Effect of chemical and biological fertilizer on rice yield, growth and quality in paddy soil of Guilan province (Iran)
Abstract
In order to evaluation of the effect of chemical and biological fertilizers on yield ,biomass and Quality parameters consist of protein content, amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC), gelatinization temperature (GT) were considered at rice research institute of Iran. This research was applied in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications (2008 and 2009). In this experiment 4 biological treatment including:M1- (no fertilizer); M2 -10 ton/ha cow dung ; M3-20 ton/ha cow dung and M4-5 ton/ha azolla compost , and 4 chemical fertilizers including: S1-control (no N fertilizer); S2-40 kg N /ha; S3-60 kg N /ha and S4-80 kg N /ha were compared. Results showed: the effect of N application on yield increasing, was remarkable whereas in both of 2 years, in Biological fertilization M4 produced maximum grain yield (3387kg/ha) also in chemical fertilizers by increasing of N rate, yield increased, as maximum yield was observed in S4 (3373kg/ha). Also the different chemical fertilizer created a significant difference on quality parameters, as from S1 to S4 (GC) increased, whereas (GT) decreased so the highest GC and GT obtained in S4 and S1(46.56 and 4.53) respectively , also biological fertilization showed the highest GC and GT belonged to M2 and M1(47.12 and 4.46) respectively, In considering the chemical and biological fertilizers no significant difference was observed in AC . Also in biological fertilization the highest protein content (9.39%) belonged to M3 whiles S3 created maximum in chemical fertilization (9.51%).
Balder P, Spiertz J, Bauman AM, Lu G,TuongT. 2005. Nitrogen economy and water productivity of lowland rice under water-saving irrigation, Field Crops Research 93, 169–185.
Cammamgng G, Prz CM, Juliano BO. 1973. A gel consistency test for eating quality of rice, Journal of Sciences .Food and Agriculture 24, 1589-1594.
Chanseok R, Michihisa I, Yoshinobu N, Mikio U. 2005. Influence of several doses of nitrogen fertilizer on rice taste and grain yield, Journal of Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery67(6), 55- 61.
Damardjati S, Soekarto ST. 1985. Evaluation of protein quality and properties in six varieties of Indonesian rice, Indonesian Journal of Crop Science 3, 1-20.
Damardjati DS, Barizi ST, Juliano BO. 1988. Major factors of physical-chemical properties affecting the eating quality of rice varieties, Journal of Crop Science 2 , 1-16.
Dong M, Sang D, Wang P, Wang X, Yang J. 2007. Chang in cooking and nutrition qualities of grains at different nitrogen levels, Rice Science 14(2),141-148.
Fraser DG, Doran J, Sahs W, Lesoing J. 1988. Soil microbial populations and activities under conventional and organic management. Journal of Environmental Quality 17, 585–590.
Huang F, Sun Z, Hu P, Tang S. 1998. Present situations and prospects for the research on rice quality forming. Chinese Journal of Rice Science 32(3), 372–176 .
Hao H, WEI Y, Yang X, Feng Y, Wu C. 2007. Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn Concentrations in Shoot and Grain Quality in Rice (Oryza sativa),Rice Science 14(4), 289-294
Jeyoung L. 2006. uptake into rice grain by different spilt dressings of nitrogen using. 18th world congress of soil science, Philadelphia, USA, July 9-15
Jiang L, Dai T, Wei S, Gan X, Xu J, Cao W. 2003. Genotypic differences and evaluation in nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency in rice. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica 27, 466–471
Jing D, Kaffman W. 1979. Varietals differences in amylose content of rice starch.Food chemistry 49, 47-48.
Juliano BO. 1971. Simplified assay for milled-rice amylase, Cereal Sciences 16, 340- 360.
Juliano BO. 1985.criteria & tests for rice grain qualities, Rice chemistery and technology the American association of cereal chemist ,USA .p 443-524
Juliano BO. 1993. Rice in human nutrition. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Rome, p.162.
Kannaiyan S, Kumar K. 2005. Azolla biofertilizer for sustainable rice production xvi, 452 p, ISBN 81, 7035-356-4.
Little R, Hider GB, Dawson H. 1958. Differential effect of dilute alkali on 25 varieties of milled white rice, Cereal Chemistery 35, 111-126.
Liu LJ. 2005. N-Fertilizer use effecting and its regulation approaches in rice, Yavgzhou University.
Matsuo TK, Kumazawa R, Ishii R, Hirata H. 1995. Science of the Rice Volume (2) Physiology. Edit by food and Agriculture policy Research center.
Salem AKM. 2006. Effect of nitrogen levels, plan spacing and time of farmyard manure application on the productivity of rice, journal of applied sciences research 2(11), 980-987.
Singh U, Ladha JK, Castillo EG, Punzalan G, Tirol-PadreA, Duqueza M. 1998. Genotypic variation in nitrogen use efficiency in medium and long-duration rice .field crops research 58,35-53
Yang H, Zhang H, Yang L, Zhang S, Dai Q, Huo Z. 2002. Effects of nitrogen operations according to leaf-age on yield and quality in good-quality rice. Journal of China Agricultural University 7, 19–26
Li X, Liu H, Jin Z, Liu H, Huang X, Xu M, Zhang F.2010. Changes in Activities of Key Enzymes for Starch Synthesis and Glutamine Synthetase in Grains of Progenies from a Rice Cross During Grain Filling, Rice Science 17(3),243-246.
A. Nasrollah Zadeh, E. Amiri , A. Shariffar, M. Tayefe , S. A. Hashemi, 2013. Effect of chemical and biological fertilizer on rice yield, growth and quality in paddy soil of Guilan province (Iran). J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 3(1), 61-68.
Copyright © 2013 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.