Effect of culture filtrates of Trichoderma on seed germination and seedling growth in chili
Paper Details
Effect of culture filtrates of Trichoderma on seed germination and seedling growth in chili
Abstract
Five Trichoderma strains namely; T. virens IMI-392430, T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431, T. harzianum IMI-392432, T. harzianum IMI-392433 and T. harzianum IMI-392434 were evaluated for their potentiality on seed germination ofchili both in laboratory and field conditions. Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds were coated with culture filtrates of each test strains of Trichoderma supplemented with 2 % of starch (w/v) as an adhesive. For laboratory experiment, ten treated seeds were placed in each Petri plate and incubated at 25°C under dark condition and for field experiment pot trial experiment was conducted and ten treated seeds were sowing in each pot. All experiments were established as a randomized block design with four replications. Germination percentages of treated seeds were recorded after 3 to 8 days. Seed germination percentages and the vigour index were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by the application culture filtrates of different Trichoderma strains. Among the five Trichoderma strains, T. harzianum IMI-3924332 culture filtrates gave the highest germination percentage and vigour index followed by T. harzianum IMI-3924333, T. harzianum IMI-3924334, T. virens IMI-392430 and T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 both in laboratory and fieldconditions, respectively, while control (treated with 2% starch and water) decrease these value. Seed treatment with culture filtrates of T. harzianum IMI-3924332 can be useful to enhance the germination percent of chili seeds as well as reduce to delayed germination. Further investigations however are required to study in vivo effect of Trichoderma culture filtrate on morphological and physiological characteristics in chili plant and fruit production.
Abdul-Baki A, Anderson JD. 1973. Vigour determination of Soyabean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Sci 13, 630-633.
Anonymous. 2003. Monthly Statistical Bulletin, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, August 2003. P. 54.
Arora DK, Elander RP, Mukerji KG (eds). 1992. Handbook of applied mycology. Fungal Biotechnology, vol 4. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Baker R. 1989. Improvement Trichoderma spp. for promoting crop productivity. Trends in Biotechnology 7, 34-38.
Begum MF, Rahman MA, Alam M F. 2010. Biological control of Alternaria fruit rot of chili by Trichoderma species under field conditions. Mycobiology 38, 113-117.
Benítez T, Rincón AMM, Limón C, Codón AC. 2004. Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. International Microbiology 7, 249-260.
Bharath BG, Lokesh S, Prakash HS, Shetty HS. 2006. Evaluation of different plant protectants against seed mycoflora of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Res J Bot 16, 1-5.
Chang YC, Chang YC, Baker R, Kleifeld O, Chet I. 1986. Increased growth of plants in the presence of the biological control agent Trichoderma harzianum. Plant Disease 70, 145-148.
Chaur-Tsuen, L, Chien-Yih, L. 2002. Screening strains of Trichoderma spp. for plant growth enhancement in Taiwan. Plant Pathology Bulletin 11, 215-220.
Chet I, Inbar J, Hadar I. 1997. Fungal antagonists and mycoparasites. In: Wicklow DT, Söderström B (eds) The Mycota IV: Environmental and microbial relationships. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 165-184.
Dennis C, Webster J. 1971. Antagonistic properties of species-group of Trichoderma I. Production of non-volatile antibiotics. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 57, 25-39.
Dubey SC, Suresha M, Singha B. 2007. Evaluation of Trichoderma species against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris for integrated management of chickpea wilt. Biological Control 40, 118-127.
Gómez-Alarcón G, de la Torre MA. 1994. Mecanismos de corrosion microbiana sobre los materiales pétreos. Microbiología 10, 111-120.
Hanson LD. 2000. Reduction of Verticillium wilt symptoms in cotton following seed treatment with Trichoderma virens. J Cotton Sci 4, 224-231.
Harman GE. 2006. Overview of mechanisms and uses of Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology 96, 190-194.
Harman GE, Howell CR, Viterbo A, Chet I, Lorito M. 2004. Trichoderma species-opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Reviews 2, 43-56.
Heydecker W. 1977. Stress and seed germination: and agronomic view. In the physiology and biochemistry of seed dormancy and germination, AA Khan, ed. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company.
Inbar J, Abramsky M, Cohen D, Chet I.1994. Plant growth enhancement and disease control by Trichoderma harzianum T-22. Plant Disease 84, 377-393.
Manju S, Mall TP. 2008. Efficacy of Trichoderma species on Phytopthora dresceleri f.sp. cajani of Pigeon pea. Ann Plant Prot Sci 16, 162-164.
Mishra DS, Sinha AP. 2000. Plant growth promoting activity of some fungal and bacteria agents on rice seed germination and seedling growth. Tropical Agric 77, 188-191.
Mukhtar I. 2008. Influence of Trichoderma species on seed germination in okra. Mycopath 6(1&2), 47-50.
Osiewacz HD (ed). 2002. Molecular biology of fungal development. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Oyarbide F, Osterrieth ML, Cabello M. 2001. Trichoderma koningii as a biomineralizing fungous agent of calcium oxalate crystals in typical Argiudolls of the Los Padres Lake natural reserve (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Microbiol. Res. 156, 113-119.
Poldma P, Jaakson K, Merivve A, Albrecht A. 2000. Trichoderma viride promotes growth of cucumber plants. In: proceeding of the international conference on development of environmentally friendly protection in the Baltic Region. Transactions of Estonian Agric. University 209 Tartu, Estonia, September 28-29, 2000.
Prasad D, Anes K.M. 2008. Effect of metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride on plant growth and meloidogyne incognita on okra. Ann Plant Prot. Sci 16, 461-465.
Rabeendran N, Moot DJ, Jones EE, Stewart A. 2000. Inconsistent growth promotion of cabbage and lettuce from Trichoderma isolates. New Zealand Plant Prot. 53, 143-146.
Rahman M.A. 2009. Screening of Trichoderma spp. and their efficacy as a bio conversion agent of municipal solid waste through appropriate technique of solid state fermentation. PhD Thesis. Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
Rojoa FG, Reynosoa MM, Fereza M, Chulze SN, Torres AM. 2007. Biological control by Trichoderma species of Fusarium solani causing peanut brown root rot under field conditions. Crop Prot. 26, 549-555.
Vey A, Hoagland RE, Butt TM. 2001. Toxic metabolites of fungal biocontrol agents. In: Butt TM, Jackson C, Magan N (eds) Fungi as biocontrol agents: Progress, problems and potential. CAB International, Bristol, p. 311-346.
Zheng Z, Shetty K. 2000. Enhancement of pea (Pisum sativum) seedling vigour and associated phenolic content by extracts of apple pomace fermented with Trichoderma spp. Process Biochem 36,79-84.
M. Ahsanur Rahman, R. Sultana, M. Ferdousi Begum, M. Firoz Alam, 2012. Effect of culture filtrates of Trichoderma on seed germination and seedling growth in chili. Int. J. Biosci., 2(4), 46-55.
Copyright © 2012 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.