Effect of planting pattern, plant density and integration of zeoponix and chemical fertilizer (urea) on sunflower yield and yield components
Paper Details
Effect of planting pattern, plant density and integration of zeoponix and chemical fertilizer (urea) on sunflower yield and yield components
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of planting pattern, plant density and integration of zeoponix and chemical N fertilizer (urea) on sunflower yield and yield components. The experimental design was analyzed as factorial based on randomized complete block with three replications. Treatments consisted of 3 factors which are different crop densities, including 2 levels. The population of plants was including 5 plants m–2 (d1) and 8 plants m–2 (d2). The second factor was planting patterns which were included twin rectangular rows (A1) and twin zigzag rows (A2). Different fertilizing treatments were selected as third factor consisted of the sole application of zeoponix (f1) and chemical fertilizer urea (f3), and integration of 50%zeoponix +50% chemical fertilizer urea (f2), that were at 3 levels. Results showed that there were significant differences in interaction of planting pattern, plant density and fertilizing system on plant height, stalk diameter, biologic yield, seed yield, number of seeds per head, 1000 seed weight, seed oil content and oil yield, protein content and protein yield and harvest index. LSD test for means of these traits showed that zigzag arrangement × plant population of 8 plants m–2 × 100% zeoponix (a2d2f1) treatment had the best performance and could be recommended to farmers for sunflower cultivation.
Andrade FH, Calvino P, Cirilo A, Barbieri P. 2002. Yield Responses to narrows Rows Depend on Increased Radiation Interception. Agronomy Journal 94, 975–980.
AOAC. 1984. Official methods of analysis. 14th Edn, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC, USA, 522-533.
AOAC, 1990. In: Helrich, K. (Ed.), Official Methods of Analysis. , 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA/Washington, DC, USA.
Basso B, Ritchie JT. 2005. Impact of compost, manure and inorganic fertilizer on nitrate leaching and yield for a 6-year maize-alfalfa rotation in Michigan. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 180, 329–341.
Bhattacharyya R, Kundu S, Prakash V, Gupta HS. 2008. Sustainability under combined application of mineral and organic fertilizers in a rain fed soybean–wheat system of the Indian Himalayas. European Journal of Agronomy 28, 33-46.
Board JE, Harville BG, Saxton AM. 1990. Narrow-row seed yield enhancement in determinate soybean, Agronomy Journal. 82, 64–68.
Bullock DG, Nielson RL, Nyquist WE. 1988. A growth analysis of corn grown in conventional and equidistant plant spacing, Crop Science 28, 254–258.
Cantagallo JE, Chimenti CA, Hall AJ. 1997. Number of seeds per unit area in sunflower correlates well with a photothermal quotient, Crop Science 37, 1780–1786.
Chimenti CA, and Hall AJ. 1992. Sensibilidad del número de frutos por capítulo de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) a cambios en el nivel de radiación durante la ontogenia del cultivo, in: Actas XIX Reunión Argentina de Fisiología Vegetal. Sociedad Argentina de Fisiología Vegetal, Córdoba, Argentina, 27–28.
Clegg MD, Bigges WW, Eastin JD, Maranville JW, Sulvin CY. 1974. Light transmission in field communities of sorghum, Agronomy Journal. 66, 471–476.
Connor DJ, Sadras VO. 1992. Physiology of yield expression in sunflower, Field Crops Research. 30, 333–389.
Daryaei F, Ghalavand A, Chaichi MR, Sorooshzadeh A, Talebi FS. 2010. Soil biochemical response to different Fertilizing systems by using green manure and zeoponix. Agro 2010, the X1 ESA Congress, Montpellier, France.
Duncan WG. 1986. Planting patterns and soybean yield, Crop Science. 26, 584–588.
Egharevba PN. 1975. Planting pattern and light interception in maize, in: Proc. Physiology program formulation workshop, Ibadan, Nigeria, April 1975, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, 15–17.
Fick GN, Caroline JJ, Auvartir GE, Duhing, PM. 1985. Agronomic characteristics and field performance of dwarf sunflower hybrids. In: XI Intl. Sunf. Conference, 10-13 March 1985. Mardelplata, Argentina. S. 379-742.
Flenet FJ, kiniry R, board JE, westgate ME, reicosky DC. 1996. Row spacing effects on light coefficient of of corn, sorghum, soybean, and sunflower, Agronomy Journal. 88, 185–190.
Gholamhoseini M, Ghalavand A, Khodaei-Joghan A, Dolatabadian A, Zakikhani H, Farmanbar E. 2013. Zeolite-amended cattle manure effects on sunflower yield, seed quality, water use efficiency and nutrient leaching. Soil & Tillage Research 126, 193-202.
Graham DL, Steiner JL, Wiese AF. 1988. Light absorption and Cooperation in mis Sorghum – Pig weed communities, Agronomy Journal. 80, 415–418.
Gubbels GH, Dedio W. 1990. Response of early-maturing sunflower hybrids to row spacing and plant density, Canadian Journal of Science. 70, 1169–1171.
Herenica JF, Ruiz-Porras JC, Melero S, Garcia-Galavis PA, Morillo E, Maqueda C. 2007. Comparison between organic and mineral fertilization for soil fertility levels, crop macronutrient concentrations, and yield. Agronomy Journal 99, 973–983.
Ikeda T, and Sato K. 1992. Relation between plant density and yield components in soybean plant, Japanese Journal of Crop Science. 59, 219–244.
Kapetanios EG, Loizidou M. 1992. Heavy metal removal by zeolite in tomato cultivation using compost. Acta Horticulture, (ISHS) 302, 63-74.
Khodami Abasiyeh S, Shirani Rad AH, Delkhoush B, Noor Mohammadi G, Nasrollahi H. 2013. Effect of potassium and Zeolite on seed, oil and, biological yield in safflower. Annals of Biological Research 4(5), 204-207.
Mason RC, Coates DB, Wilson GL, Foale MA. 1982. Growth and productivity of irrigated sorghum bicolor. l. Moeach in northern Australian: Plant density and arrangement differs on light interception and distribution, and grain yield, in the hybrid Texas 610sr in low and medium latitudes, Australian Journal of Agricultural. Research 33, 773–784.
Muchow RC, Sinclair TR, Bennett JM. 1990. Temperature and solar radiation effects on potential maize yield across location, Agronomy Journal 82, 338–343.
Noori M, Zendehdel M, Ahmadi A. 2006. Using Natural Zeolite for the Improvement of Soil Salinity and Crop Yield. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry. 88, 77-84.
Oosterhuis DM, Howard DD. 2008. Evaluation of slow-release nitrogen and potassium fertilizers for cotton production. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 3(1), 68-73.
Oue’draogo, E., Mando, A. and Zombre, NP., 2001. Use of compost to improve soil properties and crop productivity under low input agricultural system in West Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 84, 259–266.
Perez-Caballero R, Gil J, Benitez C, Gonzalez JL. 2008. The effect of adding zeolite to soils in order to improve the N-K nutrition of olive trees, preliminary results. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. 2(1), 321-324.
Robinson RG, Ford JH, Lueschen WE, Rabas DL, Smith LJ, Warnes DD, Wiersma JV. 1980. Response of Sunflower to Plant Population. Agronomy Journal 73, 869-871.
SAS Institute Inc. 2002. The SAS system of windows, Release 9.0, Statistical Analysis system Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
Schneiter A, Miller JF. 1981. Description of solar radiation and dry matter production by various soybean planting patterns, Crop Science 21, 901–903.
Süzer S. 2010. Effects of nitrogen and plant density. on dwarf sunflower hybrids. Hellia, 33(53), 207-214,
Valente S, Burriesci N, Cavallaro S, Galvagno S, Zipelli C. 1982. Utilization of Zeolites as soil conditioner in tomato-growing. Zeolites 2, 271-274.
Vranceanu AV, Stoenescu FM, Terbea M. 1982. Tolerance of sunflower hybrids to competion among plants. Helia 5, 23-26.
Zarea MJ, Ghalavand A, Daneshian J. 2005. Effect of planting patterns of sunflower on yield and extinction coefficient. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 25, 513–518.
Faezeh Daryaei (2015), Effect of planting pattern, plant density and integration of zeoponix and chemical fertilizer (urea) on sunflower yield and yield components; IJAAR, V7, N6, December, P1-11
https://innspub.net/effect-of-planting-pattern-plant-density-and-integration-of-zeoponix-and-chemical-fertilizer-urea-on-sunflower-yield-and-yield-components/
Copyright © 2015
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0