Effect of seed rate on the seed yields in wheat/faba bean intercropping system: a competition approach
Paper Details
Effect of seed rate on the seed yields in wheat/faba bean intercropping system: a competition approach
Abstract
Five experiments agronomically managed differently investigated yield-density relationships in wheat /faba bean (bean) intercropping system. For the wheat sole crop, seed yield (SY) ranged from 102 g/m2 to 734 g/m2. Intercropping reduced wheat SY but this did not always depend on wheat seed rate (wsr). Standard intra-specific and/or inter-specific yield-density equations derived from the literature and others modified here were used to quantify the SYs (as was applicable). For the majority of the experiments wheat SYs, whether sole cropped or intercropped responded asymptotically as wsr increased. The maximum bean sole crop SY was 392 g/m2: bean SY declined as wsr increased. The total intercrop (wheat + bean) SY response to wsr was asymptotic in at least two of the experiments, following similar pattern as the wheat. Although, for the mean effects of intercropping the total intercrop SYs was substantial in three experiments; the total intercrop did not produce significantly greater SY than the wheat sole crop as wsr increased. Moreover, maximum wheat sole crop and wheat intercrop SYs were significantly greater under the organically-managed experiment than the conventional-managed one, even though they were both established in the same cropping year. Similarly, as regards wheat SYs, comparisons of spring-sown with the winter-sown crops established in the same cropping year indicate that the former performed better than the latter. Nevertheless, for most of the experiments investigated here, this research indicates that 100-wheat seeds/m2 or lower may be appropriate to intercrop with bean at 30 to 40-bean seeds/m2 to reduce competition and improve productivity.
Adisarwanto T, Knight R. 1997. Effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components in the faba bean. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, 1161-1168.
Anon. 2010. Faba beans in sustainable agriculture. Field Crops Research 115, 201-202.
Azam-Ali SN, Squire GR. 2002. Principles of Tropical Agronomy. Wallingford, UK: CABI.
Baumann DT, Bastiaans L, Kropff MJ. 2001. Competition and crop performance in a leek-celery intercropping system. Crop Science 41, 764-774.
Bleasdale JKA. 1984. Plant Physiology in Relation to Horticulture, 2nd edition. London: MacMillan.
Bulson HAJ. 1991. Intercropping wheat with field beans in organic farming systems. PhD Thesis, University of Reading, United Kingdom.
Bulson HAJ, Snaydon RN, Stopes CE. 1997. Effects of plant density on intercropped wheat and field beans in an organic farming system. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 128, 59-71.
Counce PA. 1987. Asymptotic and parabolic yield and linear nutrient content responses to rice population density. Agronomy Journal 79, 864-869.
Craufurd PQ. 1996. Effects of plant population density on dry matter partitioning and yield in a short-duration cultivar of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grown in the tropics. Journal of Agricultural Science 127, 89-96.
Craufurd PQ. 2000. Effect of plant density on the yield of sorghum-cowpea and pearl millet-cowpea intercrops in northern Nigeria. Experimental Agriculture 36, 379-395.
Dolman G. 1985. Density trials with systematic designs on intercropped carrots and onions. PhD Thesis, University of Reading, United Kingdom.
Ellis RH, Salahi M, Jones SA. 1999. Yield-density equations can be extended to quantify the effect of applied nitrogen and cultivar on wheat grain yield. Annals of Applied Biology 134, 347-352.
Fischer RA. 2007. Understanding the physiological basis of yield potential in wheat. Journal of Agriculture Science 145, 99–113.
Foulkes MJ, Sylvester-Bradley R, Weightman R, Snape JW. 2007. Identifying physiological traits associated with improved drought resistance in winter wheat. Field Crops Research 103, 11-24.
Fukai S, Trenbath BR. 1993. Processes determining intercrop productivity and yields of component crops. Field Crops Research 34, 247-271.
Genstat 8 committee. 2006. Genstat 8.1 release 8.1. Rothamsted experimental station, United Kingdom.
Ghanbari-Bonjar A, Lee HC. 2002. Intercropped field beans (Vicia faba) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) for whole crop forage: effect of nitrogen on forage yield and quality. Journal of Agricultural Science 138, 311-315.
Gooding MJ, Davies WP. 1997. Wheat production and utilization system, quality and the environment. Wallingford: UK, CABI.
Gooding MJ, Kasyanova E, Ruske R, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Jensen ES, Dahlmann C, Von Fragstein P, Dibet A, Corre-Hellouu G, Crozat Y, Pristeri A, Romeo M, Monti M, Launay M. 2007. Intercropping with pulses to concentrate nitrogen and sulphur in wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science 145, 469-479.
Gooding MJ, Pinyosinwat A, Ellis RH. 2001. The response of wheat grain nitrogen concentration to plant population density. Aspects of Applied Biology 64, 157-162.
Gooding MJ, Pinyosinwat A, Ellis RH. 2002. Responses of wheat grain yield and quality to seed rate. Journal of Agricultural Science 138, 317-331.
Haymes R, Lee HC. 1999. Competition between autumn and spring planted grain intercrops of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and field bean (Vicia faba). Field crops Research 62,167-176.
Helenius J, Jokinen K. 1994. Yield advantage and competition in intercropped oats (Avena sativa L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.): application of the hyperbolic yield-density model. Field Crops Research 37, 85-94.
Hongo H. 1995. Light and water use in intercropping. PhD Thesis, University of Reading, United Kingdom.
Huxham SK, Sparks DL, Wilson P. 2005. The effect of conversion strategy on the yield of the first organic crop. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 106, 345-357.
Khah EM, Roberts EH, Ellis RH. 1989. Effect of seed ageing on growth and yield of spring wheat at different plant-population densities. Field Crops Research 20, 175-190.
Khan HR, Paull JG, Siddique KHM, Stoddard FL. 2010. Faba bean breeding for drought-affected environments. A physiological and agronomic perspective. Field Crops Research 115, 279-286.
Mligo JK, Craufurd PQ. 2007. Productivity and optimum plant density of pigeonpea in different environment in Tanzania. Journal of Agricultural Science 145, 343-351.
Neumann A, Werner J, Rauber R. 2009. Evaluation of yield-density relationships and optimization of intercrop compositions of field grown pea-oat intercrops using the replacement series and the response surface design. Field Crops Research 114, 286-294.
Nix, J. 2009. Farm management pocketbook 39th edition. Melton Mowbray, UK: Pocketbook.
Park SE, Benjamin LR, Watkinson AR. 2002. Comparing biological productivity in cropping systems: A competition approach. The Journal of Applied Ecology 39, 416-426.
Pristeri A, Dahlmann C, Von-Fragstein P, Gooding MJ, Hauggard-Nielsen H, Kasyanova E, Monti M. 2006. Yield performance of faba bean–wheat intercropping on spring and winter sowing in European Organic farming systems. In proceedings of the European joint organic congress: organic farming and European rural development Odense (DK) , 30-31
May 2006 (Eds. CB. Andreasen, L. Elsgaard, LS. Sorensen, G. Hansen) pp 294-295. Tjele, Denmark: Danish Research Centre for Organic Food and Farming (DARCOF).
Reynolds M, Calderni D, Condon A, Vargas M. 2007. Association of source/sink traits with yield, biomass and radiation use efficiency among random sister lines from three wheat crosses in a high yield environment. Journal of Agriculture Science 145, 3-16.
Reynolds MP, Pellegrineschi A, Skovmand B. 2005. Sink-limitation to yield and biomass: a summary of some investigations in spring wheat. Annals of Applied Biology 146, 39-49.
Shirtliffe SJ, Johnston AM. 2002. Yield-density relationships and optimum plant populations in two cultivars of solid-seeded dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Saskatchewan . Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, 521-529.
Stoddard FL, Nichola AH, Rubiales D, Thomas J, Villegas-Fernandez AM. 2010. Integrated pest management in faba bean. Field Crops Research 115, 308-318.
Stolze M, Lampkin N. 2009. Policy for organic farming rationale and concepts. Food Policy 34, 237-244.
Whaley JM, Sparkes DL, Foulkes MJ, Spinks JH, Senere T, Scott RK. 2000. The physiological response of winter wheat reduction in plant density. Annals of Applied Biology 137, 165-177.
Willey RW, Heath SB. 1969. The quantitative relationship between plant population and crop yield. Advances in Agronomy 21, 281-321.
Wright AJ. 1981. The analysis of yield-density relationship in binary mixtures using inverse polynomials. Journal of Agricultural Science 96, 561-567.
Yahuza I. 2011a. Wheat /faba bean intercropping system in perspective. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 1 (6), 69-92.
Yahuza I. 2011b. Yield-density equations and their application for agronomic research: a review. International Journal of Bioscience 1 (5), 1-17
Yahuza I. 2012a. Productivity of wheat /faba bean intercropping systems in response to sulphur fertilization and seed rate under contrasting management conditions. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research 2 (3), 41-58.
Yahuza I. 2012b. Simple yield-density equations for quantifying additive intercrops. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences. 2 (5), 1-9.
Yahuza I. 2012c. Effects of different sowing date and the combined effects of sowing date and seed rates on the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) / faba bean (Vicia faba L.) intercropping system. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research 2 (3), 24-40.
Zadoks JC, Chang TT, Konzak CF. 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research 14, 415-421.
Ibrahim Yahuza (2012), Effect of seed rate on the seed yields in wheat/faba bean intercropping system: a competition approach; IJB, V2, N6, June, P94-128
https://innspub.net/effect-of-seed-rate-on-the-seed-yields-in-wheat-faba-bean-intercropping-system-a-competition-approach/
Copyright © 2012
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0