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Effect of selected pesticidal plants leaf powder on Callosobrunchus maculatus in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

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Research Paper 01/06/2020
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Effect of selected pesticidal plants leaf powder on Callosobrunchus maculatus in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

Juliana Godifrey, Ernest Mbega, Patrick A. Ndakidemi
Int. J. Biosci.16( 6), 1-10, June 2020.
Certificate: IJB 2020 [Generate Certificate]
Key: Actellic dustDysphania amdrosioidesHyptis suaveolensOcimum suaveOviposition

Abstract

Among the major insect storage pests of cowpea are cowpea weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus) which is a big threat causing huge postharvest loss.  This study used double bagging experiment to test the pesticidal activity of plants leaf powders of Ocimum suave, Hyptis suaveolens and Dysphania ambrosioides on Callosobrunchus maculatus in stored cowpea. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 replications. The plant powders were applied at the rates of 30, 60 and 90 g 1.5 kg-1 of cowpea seeds spread on the surface of the inner cotton bag of 2 kg filled with 1.5 kg of cowpea seeds. The storage time was three months consecutive. The effectiveness was compared with the synthetic pesticide Actelic® dust (2 g) as the positive control and untreated cowpea seeds as a negative control. Based on the results, all pesticidal leaf powder showed a different level of pesticidal activities at the tested rates. Higher dosages of plant leaf powders at 60 and 90 g for H. suaveolens and D. ambrosioides and 90 g for O. suave significantly (P < 0.001) affected insects’ mortality, survivorship and reduced seed damage. Comparatively, H. suaveolens and D. ambrosioides at 90 g were more effective in inhibiting egg deposition by C. maculatus just as successful as the positive control. Therefore, this study demonstrates that, O. suave, H. suaveolens and D. ambrosioides leaf powder can effectively offer protection in stored cowpea seeds against C. maculatus when applied at high dosages.

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