Effects of supplementing betel nut fruit on growth performance, anthelminthic and hematological profile in goat
Paper Details
Effects of supplementing betel nut fruit on growth performance, anthelminthic and hematological profile in goat
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Betel Nut Fruit Aqueous Extract (BNFAE) as an alternative anthelmintic treatment in goats, focusing on growth performance, hematological profiles, and fecal egg count reduction. Sustainable agriculture is vital in developing countries, where goats are a crucial part of smallholder farming systems but are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal parasites, particularly coccidia and gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Traditional anthelmintics have been widely used since the 1950s, but their overuse has led to resistance, necessitating the exploration of plant-based alternatives like BNFAE. The study was conducted at the Sa-GOAT Kita Multiplier Breeder Farm Project in Lanao del Norte, Philippines, from February to April 2024. Nine Boer x Anglo-Nubian goats were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), divided into three treatments: Treatment 1 (commercial dewormer), Treatment 2 (1ml BNFAE/10kg body weight), and Treatment 3 (2ml BNFAE/10kg body weight). Initial and final weights measured growth performance, while hematological profiles included hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC), and white blood cell (WBC) counts. Fecal egg counts were analyzed weekly using the modified McMaster technique. Results indicated that goats treated with BNFAE showed comparable growth performance to those treated with commercial dewormers, with 3-4 kg weight gains over the experimental period. Hematological analysis revealed non-significant but positive trends in hemoglobin and RBC counts in BNFAE-treated goats, indicating recovery from parasitic anemia without adverse effects. WBC counts remained stable, reflecting effective immune response management. Fecal egg count reduction was significant, with BNFAE treatments achieving up to 100% reduction in parasitic eggs, comparable to commercial dewormers. The return on investment (ROI) analysis favored BNFAE treatments due to lower costs and improved health outcomes. The study concludes that BNFAE is a practical, sustainable, and economically viable alternative to commercial anthelmintics, with the potential for broader application in small ruminant farming. Recommendations include further research to optimize dosage, administration frequency, and long-term impacts to fully validate the efficacy and safety of BNFAE in livestock production.
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