Elliptic fourier analysis of leaf shape variation of mangroves found in Camiguin Island, Philippines

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/09/2018
Views (346) Download (36)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Elliptic fourier analysis of leaf shape variation of mangroves found in Camiguin Island, Philippines

Al James A. Manua, Millanie P. Abatay, Carimah M. Usman, Sharon Rose M. Tabugo
Int. J. Biosci.13( 3), 144-153, September 2018.
Certificate: IJB 2018 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

Mangrove forests are integral part of the ecosystem providing important services, including protecting coastlines from the impacts of extreme weather events, such as storm surge and erosion. In the Philippines, 40 species out of 54 in the world are present and 6 species are found in Camiguin. Delineating between species is important for ecosystem management and conservation. In this study, Elliptic Fourier Analysis (EFA) was used to look into leaf shape variations between six mangrove species: Avicennia marina, Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia alba. This was done to test whether significant yet subtle differences in leaf shape variation can be species-specific, habitat-influenced and provide evidence of sexual dimorphism. Results of PCA showed that the cumulative contribution of the first three significant principal components was about 97.78% of variance and the main source of shape differences was the variability in leaf laminar shape with respect to length-width ratio. Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the percentage proportion of each PC’s significantly contributed to the overall variance (p-value <0.05).  Also, results from MANOVA and CVA revealed significant interspecific variations in the leaf shape between groups examined with significant p-values <0.05. Moreover, species distinctiveness was manifested albeit overlapped from each other, implying that leaf shape variations is species-specific, habitat-influenced and provided evidence of sexual dimorphism. In addition, results from discriminant analysis provided further support for species-specific traits and sexual dimorphism among the six mangrove species. Herewith, EFA proved to be efficient in examining subtle leaf shape variations among mangrove species.

VIEWS 48

Adebowale A, Nicholas A, Lamb J, Naidoo Y. 2012. Elliptic Fourier analysis of leaf shape in southern African Strychnos section Densiflorae (Loganiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 170, 542–553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01308.x

Andrade IM. 2006. Estudos morfométricos e genêticos em populaces de duas espécies de Araceae em areas florestais do Brasil, especialmente no Ceará. Unpublished PhD thesis, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, Bahia.

Andrade IM, Mayo SJ, Kirkup D, Van den Berg C. 2008. Comparative morphology of populations of Monstera (Araceae) from natural forest fragments in Northeast Brazil using elliptic Fourier analysis of leaf outlines. Kew Bulletin 63, 193 – 211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-008-9032-z

Andrade IM, Mayo SJ, Kirkup D, Van den Berg C. 2010. Elliptic Fourier analysis of leaf outline shape in forest fragment populations of Anturium sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum (Araceae) from Northeast Brazil. Kew Bulletin 65, 3 – 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-010-9188-1

Bookstein FL, Strauss RE, Humphries JM, Cheronoff B, Elder RL, Smith GR. 1982. A comment upon the uses of Fourier methods in systematics. Systemic Zoology 31, 85-92. https://doi.org/10.2307/2413416

Diaz G, Zuccarelli A, Pelligra I, Ghiani A. 1989. Elliptic Fourier analysis of cell and nuclear shapes. Computer Biomedical Research 22, 405-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4809(89)90034-7

Ehrlich R, Weinberg B. 1970. An exact method for characterization of grain shape. Journal Sedimentary Petrology 40, 205-212.

Ferson S, Rohlf FJ, Koehn RK. 1985. Measuring shape variation of two-dimensional outlines. Systematic Zoology 34, 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/34.1.59

Futura N, Ninomiya S, Takahashi N, Ohmori H, Ukai Y.  1995.  Quantitative evaluation of soybean (G. max L. Merr.) leaflet shape by principal component scores based on elliptic Fourier descriptor.  Breeding Science 45, 315 – 320. https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs1951.45.315

Iwata H, Ukai Y.  2002.  SHAPE: A computer program package for quantitative evaluation of biological shapes based on elliptic Fourier descriptors.  Journal of Heredity  93, 384 – 385. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/93.5.384

Kidyue M, Boonkerd T, Thaithong O, Seelanan T. 2006. Variation within the Hoya parasitica (Asclepiadaceae) complex in Thailand.  BRT. 2549, 149 – 158.

Kuhl FP, Giardina CR. 1982.  Elliptic Fourier features of a closed contour. Computer Graphics and Image Processing 18, 236 – 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-664X(82)90034-X

Neto JC, Meyer GE, Jones DD, Samal AK.  2006.  Plant species identification using elliptic Fourier leaf shape analysis. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture  50, 121-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2005.09.004

Primavera JH. 2000. Development and Conservation of Philippine Mangroves: Institutional issues. Ecological Economics 35, 91-106 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(00)00170-1

Primavera JH, Sadaba RB, Lebata MJHL, Altamirano JP. 2004.  Handbook of mangroves in the Philippines – Panay.  SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department,   Iloilo, Philippines. p 106.

Ray TS. 1990. Application of eigenshape analysis to second order leaf shape ontogeny in Syngonium podophyllum (Araceae). In: F. J. Rohlf & F. L. Bookstein (eds), Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop. Special Publication No. 2, pp. 201 – 213. The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Ray TS. 1992. Landmark eigenshape analysis: homologous contours: leaf shape in Syngonium (Araceae). American Journal of Botany 79, 69 – 76. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb12625.x

Sheue CR, Liu HY, Yang YP.  2003.  Morphology on stipules and leaves of the mangrove genus Kandelia (Rhizophoraceae).  Taiwania 48, 248 – 258. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai

Tabugo SRM, Torres MAJ, Olowa LF, Sabaduquia MAB, Macapil RM, Acevedo AM and Demayo CG. 2012. Elliptic Fourier analysis in describing Shape of the Mandible of the Larvae of the Coconut Leaf beetle Brontispa longissima Gestro, 1885 (Chrysomelidae: Hispinae) collected from Plants with varying Degrees of Damage. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences 1, 19-26.

Tabugo SRM, Demayo CG, Torres MAJ. 2014. Elliptic Fourier analysis in describing shape of male appendages in Neurothemis species found in Iligan City, Philippines. Natural Journal 18, 2-18.

Tomlinson PB. 1986.  The Botany of Mangroves.  Cambridge University Press.

Verdoorn IC. 1963. Loganiaceae. In: Dyer RA, Codd LE, Rycroft HB, eds. Flora of Southern Africa 26, 134–149.

White R, Rentice HC, Verwist T. 1988. Automated image acquisition and morphometric description. Canadian Journal of Botany 66, 450-459.