Enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil with native crops of Punjab, Pakistan
Paper Details
Enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil with native crops of Punjab, Pakistan
Abstract
In the present study, chemically and biologically enhanced phytoremediation potentials of maize (Zea mays) and mustard (Brassica campestris) were evaluated by cropping them on two different metals contaminated soils of Lahore and Gujranwala for 75 days. Soils were treated with varying amounts of DTPA (Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic acid) and three different fungal species to facilitate metal uptake by plants. In pot experiment under green house, addition of fungi and DTPA chelate significantly increased the Cu, Pb, Cr and Cd concentrations in roots and shoots. Maximum maize shoot biomass was obtained in the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus and maximum root biomass was produced in the presence of Aspergillus niger. In case of mustard crop both shoot and root biomass was maximum produced in the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus. It was found that maximum Cd and Cu were solubilized in Aspergillus flavus inoculated soils while Pb and Cr were solubilized maximum in Aspergillus fumigatus inoculated soils in case of maize experiment. In case of mustard maximum Cd and Cu were solubilized in Aspergillus niger inoculated soils while Pb and Cr were solubilized maximum in Aspergillus flavus inoculated soils. Increased metals uptake, bioconcentration factor, and phytoextraction rate and phytoextraction efficiency were noticed over the control in both fungal and DTPA amended soils. Based on obtained data a phytoremdiation model was developed.
Amacher MC. 1996. Nickel, cadmium, and lead. In D. L. Sparks et al. (Eds.), Methods of soil analysis, Part 3: Chemical methods (pp. 739–768). Madison: Soil Science Society of America, Inc.
Barlow R, Bryant N, Andersland J, Sahi S. 2000. Lead hyperaccumulation by Sesbania drummondii. InProceedings Conference on Hazardous Waste Research 112–114. Pretoria: HSRC.
Begonia MT, Begonia G, Ighoavodha M, Gilliard D. 2005. Lead accumulation by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) grown on a lead-contaminated soil. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2(2), 228-233.
Birch L, Bachofen R. 1990. Complexing agents from microorganisms. Experientia, 46(8), 827-834.
Blaylock MJ, Salt DE, Dushenkov S, Zakharova O, Gussman C, Kapulnik, Y. 1997. Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil-applied chelating agents. Environmental Science & Technology31(3), 860-865.
Borůvka L, Drabek O. 2004. Heavy metal distribution between fractions of humic substances in heavily polluted soils. Plant, soil and Environment, 50(8).
Chen H, Cutright T. 2001. EDTA and HEDTA effects on Cd, Cr, and Ni uptake by Helianthus annuus. Chemosphere45(1), 21-28.
Ciura J, Poniedzialeek M, Sekara, A, Jedrszczyk E. 2005. The possibility of using crops as metal phytoremediants. Polish journal of Environmental studies14(1), 17-22.
Huang JW, Chen J, Berti WR, Cunningham SD. 1997. Phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soils: role of synthetic chelates in lead phytoextraction. Environmental Science & Technology31(3), 800-805.
Kapoor A, Viraraghavan T. 1995. Fungal biosorption—an alternative treatment option for heavy metal bearing wastewaters: a review. Bioresource Technology53(3), 195-206.
Kayser A, Wenger K, Keller A, Attinger W, Felix HR, Gupta SK, Schulin R. 2000. Enhancement of phytoextraction of Zn, Cd, and Cu from calcareous soil: the use of NTA and sulfur amendments. Environmental Science & Technology, 34(9), 1778-1783.
Ke X, Li PJ, Zhou QX, Zhang Y, Sun TH. 2006. Removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soil using tartaric acid. Journal of Environmental Sciences18(4), 727-733.
Liphadzi MS, Kirkham MB, Mankin KR, Paulsen GM. 2003. EDTA-assisted heavy-metal uptake by poplar and sunflower grown at a long-term sewage-sludge farm. Plant and soil, 257(1), 171-182.
Liu D, Jiang W, Liu C, Xin C, Hou W. 2000. Uptake and accumulation of lead by roots, hypocotyls and shoots of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.)]. Bioresource Technology71(3), 273-277.
Mahmood-ul-Hassan M, Suthor V, Rafique E, Ahmad R, Yasin M. 2012. Metal contamination of vegetables grown on soils irrigated with untreated municipal effluent. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 88(2), 204-209.
McGrath SP, Lombi E, Gray CW, Caille N, Dunham SJ, Zhao FJ. 2006. Field evaluation of Cd and Zn phytoextraction potential by the hyperaccumulators Thlaspi caerulescens and Arabidopsis halleri. Environmental Pollution141(1),115-125.
McGrath SP, Zhao J, Lombi E, 2002. Phytoremediation of metals, metalloids, and radionuclides. Advances in Agronomy75, 1-56.
Peer WA, Baxter IR, Richards EL, Freeman JL, Murphy AS.2005. Phytoremediation and hyperaccumulator plants. In: Molecular biology of metal homeostasis and detoxification, ed. M.J. Tamás and E. Martinoia, 299-340 P. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.
Pivetz BE. 2001. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response: Superfund Technology Support Center for Ground Water, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Subsurface Protection and Remediation Division, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center.
Rabie GH. 2005. Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Phytoremediation of Soil Rhizosphere Spiked with Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Mycobiology33, 41-50.
RaufA, Javed M, Ubaidullah M. 2009. Heavy metal levels in three major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala) from the river Ravi, Pakistan. Kidney 2(1.25b), 4-43.
Römkens P, Bouwman L, Japenga J, Draaisma C. 2002. Potentials and drawbacks of chelate-enhanced phytoremediation of soils. Environmental pollution, 116(1), 109-121.
Shen ZG, Li XD, Wang CC, Chen HM, Chua H. 2002. Lead phytoextraction from contaminated soil with high-biomass plant species. Journal of environmental quality31(6), 1893-1900.
Singh H, Reddy MS. 2011. Effect of inoculation with phosphate solubilizing fungus on growth and nutrient uptake of wheat and maize plants fertilized with rock phosphate in alkaline soils. European Journal of Soil Biology47(1), 30-34.
U.S. EPA. 2000. Supplementary Guidance for Conducting Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures. EPA/630/R-00/002, Aug 2000.
Wang HQ, Lu SJ, Yao ZH. 2007. EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana. Journal of Environmental Sciences19(12), 1496-1499.
Whiting SN, de Souza MP, Terry N. 2001. Rhizosphere bacteria mobilize Zn for hyperaccumulation by Thlaspi caerulescens. Environmental Science & Technology 35(15), 3144-3150.
Wong JW, Wong WW, Wei Z, Jagadeesan H. 2004. Alkaline biosolids and EDTA for phytoremediation of an acidic loamy soil spiked with cadmium. Science of the total environment324(1), 235-246.
Wu QT, Deng JC, Long XX, Morel JL, Schwartz C. 2006. Selection of appropriate organic additives for enhancing Zn and Cd phytoextraction by hyperaccumulators. Journal of Environmental Sciences 18(6), 1113-1118.
Wu SC, Cao ZH, Li ZG, Cheung KC, Wong MH. 2005. Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma, 125(1),155-166.
Zhuan P, Yang QW, Wang HB, Shu WS. 2007. Phytoextraction of heavy metals by eight plant species in the field. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 184(1-4), 235-242.
Shazia Akhtar, Shazia Iram (2016), Enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil with native crops of Punjab, Pakistan; JBES, V8, N4, April, P158-171
https://innspub.net/enhanced-phytoremediation-of-heavy-metal-polluted-soil-with-native-crops-of-punjab-pakistan/
Copyright © 2016
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0