Equilibrium and kinetic studies of biosorption of Cr (III) and Cd (II) by activated carbon prepared from Spirulina algae
Paper Details
Equilibrium and kinetic studies of biosorption of Cr (III) and Cd (II) by activated carbon prepared from Spirulina algae
Abstract
The Spirulina algae were converted into activated carbon to remove heavy metal by low cost and innocuous material in the water. The sorption behavior of Chromium (III) and Cadmium (II) cations by Spirulina was studied to uptake the heavy metal cations from aqueous solution. The removal of these metals was investigated by batch method experiment. The main factors that affect Cd2+ and Cr3+ sorption on Spirulina, the influences of pH (2–7) and contact time (5-120 min) have been investigated. The percent removal of Cr3+ and Cd2+cations reached maximum at 35 and 45 min respectively. The binding sorption sites were strongly influenced by pH and the optimum pH for Cd2+ and Cr3+cations were 5. The percentage of up taking Cr3+ and Cd2+cations reached maximum to 94.3% and 83.8%, respectively. The sorption efficiency of activated carbon prepared from Spirulina for chromium is greater than cadmium metal and the Langmuir module is fitted the results better than other models. Kinetic studies presented that a pseudo-second order model was more appropriate than the pseudo first order model. It is concluded that the activated carbon prepared from Spirulina cloud be used as an effective sorbent for uptake of Cr3+ and Cd 2+ from wastewater.
Achak M, Hafidi A, Ouazzani N, Sayadic S, Mandi L. 2009. Low cost biosorbent “banana peel” for the removal of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater: Kinetic and equilibrium studies. Journal of Hazardous Material 166, 117-125.
Acharya J, Sahu JN, Mohanty CR, Meikap B. 2009. Removal of lead (II) from wastewater by activated carbon developed from Tamarind wood by zinc chloride activation. Journal of Chemical Engineering 149, 249-262.
Babalola J, Babarinde N, Popoola A, Oninla V. 2009. Kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic studies of the biosorption of Ni (II) and Cr (III) from aqueous solutions by Talinumtriangulare (Water Leaf). The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology 10, 439-450.
Bhattacharya K, Gupta S. 2008. Kaolinite and montmorillonite as adsorbents for Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) in aqueous medium. Journal of Applied Clay Science 4, 1-9.
Chojnacka K, Chojnacki A, Górecka H. 2005. Biosorption of Cr3+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions by blue–green algae Spirulina sp.kinetics, equilibrium and the mechanism of the process”. Journal of Chemotherapy 59, 75–84.
Chaturvedi D, Sahu O. 2014. Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2(3), 020-028.
Chojnacka K. 2009. Biosorption in Biosorption and bioaccumulation in practice, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, NY, USA, chapter 2(2), 5–15 .
Ewecharoen A, Thiravetyan P, Wendel E, Bertagnolli H. 2009. Nickel adsorption by sodium polyacrylate-grafted activated carbon. . Journal of Hazardous Material 171, 335-339
Demirbas E, Dizge N, Sulak MT, Kobya M. 2009. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of copper from aqueous solutions using hazelnut shell activated carbon. Journal of Chemical Engineering 148, 480-487.
Freundlich HZ. 1906. Over The Adsorption in Solution. Journal of Physical Chemistry 57A, 385-470.
Gheju M, Miulescu A. 2008 Kinetics of hexavalent chromium adsorption on granular activated carbon. Chemical Bulletin”POLITEHNICA” University (Timisoara) 5, 1-2.
Godos T, Vargas V, Blanco S, Gonzalez M, Soto R, Garcia-Encina P, Becares E, Munoz R. 2010. A comparative evaluation of microalgae for the degradation of piggery wastewater under photosynthetic oxygenation. Journal of Bioresource Technology 101, 5150– 5158.
Haq N, Arain M, Haque Z, Badar N, Mughal N. 2009. Drinking water contamination by chromium and lead in industrial lands of Karachi. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 59, 270-274.
Hashem A. 2007. Adsorption of Lead Ion from Aqueous Solution by Okra Wastes. International Journal of Physical Science, 2, 178-184.Karri K, Saper R Kales , 2008 Lead Encephalopathy Due to Traditional Medicines. Journal of Current Drug Safety 3, 54-59.
Khambhaty Y, Mody K, Basha S, Jha B. 2009. Biosorption of inorganic mercury onto dead biomass of marine Aspergillusniger: Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies. Journal of Environmental Engineering Science26, 531-539.
Langmuir I. 1918. The Adsorption of Gases on Plane Surfaces of Glass, Mica, and Platinum. J.A.M. . Journal of Chemical Society 40, 1361-1403.
Li C, Lee Y. 2012. Household cyanobacteria Bio-reactor to diminish kitchen waste sewage malodor and produces fertilizer. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 10, 29–39.
Mahmouda M, Ibrahima F, Seham Shabanb A, Youssefa N. 2015. Adsorption of heavy metal ion from aqueous solution by nickel oxide nano catalyst prepared by different methods. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum. 24(1), 2015, 27–35.
Murali O, Mehar S. 2014. Bioremediation of heavy metals using Spirulina. Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 4, 244–249.
Mulbry W, Kondrad S, Buyer J. 2008. Treatment of dairy swine manure effluents using freshwater algae: fatty acid content and composition of algal biomass at different manure loading rates. Journal of Applied Phycology 20, 1079–1085.
Ogata F, Kangawa M, Iwata Y, Ueda A, Tanaka Y, Kawasaki N. 2014. A Study on the Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Using Raw Wheat Bran Bioadsorbent in Aqueous Solution Phase. Journal of Chemical & pharmaceutical Bulletin 62(3), 247–253.
Preetha B, Viruthagiri T. 2007. Bioaccummulation of chromium (VI), copper (II) and nickel (II) ions by growing Rhizopusarrhizus. Journal of Biochemical Engineering 34, 131-135.
Reichenberg D. 1953. Properties of Ion-Exchange Resins in Relation to their Structure. III. Kinetics of Exchange. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 75, 589-597.
Rifaya N, Theivasanthi T, Alagar M. 2010. Chemical Capping Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and their Characterizations Studies Center for Research and Post Graduate Department of Physics, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi – 626124, Tamilnadu, India.
Temkin M, Pyzhev V. 1940. Kinetics of ammonia synthesis on promoted iron catalysts. Journal of Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 12, 217-222.
Vijayaraghavan K, Yun Y. 2008. Bacterial biosorbents and biosorption. Journal of Biotechnology Advances 26, 266-291.
Yu L, Ya-Juan L. 2008. Biosorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics. Journal of Separation and Purification Technology 61, 229-242.
Engy Elhaddad, Sekina T.A. Tantawy, 2015. Equilibrium and kinetic studies of biosorption of Cr (III) and Cd (II) by activated carbon prepared from Spirulina algae. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 7(3), 132-140.
Copyright © 2015 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.