Estimation of blood lead level and its effect on hormonal responses of exposed men
Paper Details
Estimation of blood lead level and its effect on hormonal responses of exposed men
Abstract
The use of leaded gasoline play a major role in the air pollution in Iraq and most Asian countries that did not band the addition of lead to gasoline, also the increased use of private electricity generators contribute to the lead air pollution. In this study the blood lead level (BLL) of traffic policemen, national guards, electricity generator workers, and a control group for compression was measured. The results showed that the highest BLL mean was in the traffic policemen (26.077µg/dl) and the lowest mean was in the control (15.846µg/dl). Also, the reproductive hormones: testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone of the exposed and control men were tested. The testosterone (T) concentration level was significantly decrease with the increase of blood lead level for the exposed and control groups and the results was 1.849, 3.367, 2.640 and 7.070µg/ml, respectively for the traffic police men, national guards, electricity generator workers, and control groups. While, the concentration level of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were increased with the increase of blood lead level. The concentration for LH were 6.906, 5.32, 5.513and 4.237mlU/ml, respectively for the mentioned groups above. And the concentration of FSH were 9.329, 9.932, 7.486 and 5.280mlU/ml, respectively for the mentioned groups.
Abdulhay HS, Rathi MH. 2017. Lead, cadmium and nickel contamination of roadside soils and plant leaves in Baghdad City. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 9(8), 47-51.
Acharya UR, Acharya S, Mishra M. 2003. Lead acetate induced cytotoxicity in male germinal cells of Swiss mice. Ind. Health 41(3), 291-4.
Adriano DC. 2001. Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environments: Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability, and Risks of Metals. Springer, New York.
Agarwal A, Mulgund A, Hamada A, Chyatte MR. 2015. A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol 13, 37.
AL-Amier FH, Abdulhay HS, Salah MM. 2018. Effect of lead exposure on some biochemical parameter of battery factory and benzene fuel stations workers. AJPS 18(2),58-62.
Chen ZP, Shen Y, Wu X. 2007. A meta-analysis on the effect of lead on the secretion of androgen. China Occupational Medicine 34(2), 99-102.
Cullen MR, Robins J, Eskenazi B. 1983. Adult inorganic lead intoxication: presentation of 31 new cases and a review of recent advances in literature. Medicine 2, 221-247.
Gautam AK, Agarwal K, Shah BA. 2001. Lead induced spermatoxicity in mouse and MPG treatment. Environ Biol 22(4), 91-287.
Grattan DR, Rocca MS, Sagrillo CA, McCarthy MM, Selmanoff M. 1996. Antiandrogen microimplants into the rostral medial preoptic area decrease gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neuronal activity and increase luteinizing hormone secretion in the intact male rat. Endocrinology 137, 4167-4173.
Heo Y, Lee WT, Lawrence DA. 1998. Differential effects of lead and cAMP on development and activities of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes. Toxicol. Sci 43, 172-185.
Holstege CP. 2010. hormones in lead-exposure male worker. Toxicology recall. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. Journal of Labour Medicine, 1997. 14(4), 193-197.
Jia XY, Wang MZ, Shi CL. 2009. Effects of lead exposure on sperm toxicity and levels of sexual hormone in sera of male Rana nigromaculata. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae 29(5), 26-107.
Navarro-Costa P, Goncalves J, Plancha CE. 2010. The AZFc region of the Y chromosome: at the crossroads between genetic diversity and male infertility. Hum. Reprod. Update 16, 525-567.
Nriagu JO. 1989. A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals. Nature 338, 47-49.
Ronis MJ, Badger TM, Shema SJ, Roberson PK, Shaikh F. 1996. Reproductive toxicity and growth effects in rats exposed to lead at different periods during development. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 136, 361-371.
Rosen JF. 1992. Effect of low level of lead exposure. Science 256, 94.
Singh B, Chandran V, Bandhu HK, Mittal BR, Bhattacharya A, Jindal SK, Varma S. 2000. Impact of lead exposure on pituitary/thyroid axis in humans.Biometals 13,187-192.
Sokol RZ. 1987. Hormonal Effects of Lead Acetate in the Male Rat: Mechanism of Action. Biol. Reprod 37, 1135-1138.
Vural G, Gu¨vendik G. 1988. Blood lead level distribution by age group in inhabitants of Ankara. Biol. Trace Elem. Res 18, 85.
Wang MZ, Jia XY. 2006. Reproductive toxicity of lead in males. Chinese Journal of Zoology 41(1), 7-123.
World health organization (WHO) regional publications. 2000. Air Quality Guidelines for Europe. Copenhagen No. 91.
Xuezhi J, Youxin L, Yilan W. 1992. Studies of lead exposure on reproductive system: a review of work in China.
Yu M, Zhou JP, Li QL. 2011. Investigation on Concentrations of Blood Lead, Urinary Lead and Serum Sex Hormone among Lead-exposed Male Workers. Occupation and Health (16), 1806-1815.
Yu T, Li ZS, W XX. 2010. Effect of lead exposure on male sexual hormone. Journal of Hygiene Research 4, 413-418.
Ayat Najem Dohi, Hind Suhail Abdulhay, 2019. Estimation of blood lead level and its effect on hormonal responses of exposed men. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 14(2), 78-84.
Copyright © 2019 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.