Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Wild Edible Plants of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Paper Details
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Wild Edible Plants of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Abstract
The current research work was done to evaluate the antimicrobial and phytochemical perspective of methanolic extracts of five selected wild edible plants such as Asparagus officinalis, Caralluma tuberculata Chenopodium album, Rumex dentatus and Solanum nigrum of district Malakand, Pakistan. These selected wild edible plants are traditionally used as food and medicinal plants with several healing possessions. The strains of tested microbes were exposed to the methonolic extracts of selected plants by applying the agar well diffusion method. The bacterial strains used were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The fungal strains used were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporium and Alternaria alternata. The phytochemical investigation was achieved by using standard procedures. The enhancement in the antibacterial activity was detected by increasing the concentration of methanolic extracts. Methanolic extract of Rumex dentatus revealed maximum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone (21 ± 1.2 mm), followed by Solanum nigrum against Escherichia coli with inhibition zone (20 ± 0.5 mm) at the concentration (9µl). The maximum antifungal action was shown by the methanolic extract of Solanum nigrum against Fusarium oxysporium with the zone of inhibition (27 ± 0.3 mm), followed by Rumex dentatus against Aspergillus flavus having inhibition zone (26 ± 0.3 mm) at the concentration (9µl). The phytochemical analysis exposed that all these selected wild edible plants were rich in different secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, tannins and steroids. The study concludes that these plants have new substances with notable antimicrobial possessions.
Ahmad I, Mehmood Z, Mohammad F. 1996. Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 62, 183-193.
Ahmad B, Abbas SJ, Hussain F, Bashir S, Ahmad D. 2014. Study on Caralluma tuberculata nutritional composition and its importance as medicinal plant. Pakistan Journal of Botany 46(5), 1677-1684.
Ahmad N, Amir MK, Ayaz S, Ahmad, Jan A. 2012. Antimicrobial profile of the selected medicinal plants. International Journal of Chemical and Lifesciences 01, 1039-1041.
Adnan M, Jan S, Musarat S, Tariq A, Begum S, Afroz A, Shinwari ZK. 2014. A review on ethnobotany: phytochemistry and Pharmacology of plant genes Caralluma R.Br. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 66, p 1351-1368.
Ali SI, Qaiser M. Eds. 1993-2015. Flora of Pakistan, Karachi.
Al-Zubaydi SR, Al-Hmdany MA, Raesan SJ. 2009. Anti-bacterial effect of some medicinal plant extracts against some pathogenic bacteria strains. Journal of Duhok University 12: 244-249.
Amjad L, Alizard Z. 2012. Antibacterial activity of Chenopodium album leaves and flowers extract. International Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences 6(1).
Antara S, Amla B. 2012. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of different solvent
extracts of medicinal plant Melia azedarach L. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 4, 67-73.
Bakht J, Tayyab M, Ali H, Islam A, Shafi M. 2011. Effect of different solvent extracted sample of Allium sativum (Linn) on bacteria and fungi. African Journal of Biotechnology 10, 5910-5915.
Belkacem N, Djaziri R, Lahfa F, El-Haci IA, Boucherit Z. 2014. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of various Punica granatum peel extracts from Algeria: A comparative study. Phytotherapie 12, 372-379.
Boklari FM. 2009. Antifungal activity of some medicinal plants used in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Mycopathologia 7, 51-57.
Borris RP. 1996. Natural product research: Perspectives from a major pharmaceutical company. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 51, 29-38.
Cordell GA. 2000. Biodiversity and drug discovery, a symbiotic relationship. Phytochemistry 55, 463-480.
Cowan MM. 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 12, 564-582.
Dar KB, Bhat AH, Amin S, Zargar MA, Masood A, Malik AH, Ganie SA. 2017. Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antifungal and Phytochemical Screening Solanum nigrum. Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry 6(1), 309.
Davis J .1994. Inactivation of the antibiotics and the dissemination of resistant genes. Science 264:375-382.
Eley AR. 1992. Toxic bacterial food poisoning. Microbial Food Poisoning 37-55.
Fatima N, Zia M, Rehman RU, Rizvi ZF, Ahmad S, Mirza B, Chaudhary MF. 2009. Biological activities of Rumex dentatus L. Evaluation of methanol and hexane extracts. African Journal of Biotechnology 8(24), p 6945-6951.
Gautam AK, Sharma S, Avasthi S, Bhadauria R. 2011. Diversity, pathogenesity and toxicology of A.niger. An important spoilage Fungi. Research Journal of Microbiology 6(3), 270-280.
Harborne JB. 1998. Methods of extraction and isolation, In: Phytochemical Methods, Chapman and Hall, London 60-66.
Hedayati MT, Pasqualotto AC, Warn PA, Bowyer P, Denning DW. 2007. Aspergillus flavus: human pathogen, allergen and mycotoxic producer. Microbiology 6(3), 270-280.
Hussain F, Ahmad B, Hameed I, Dastagir G, Sanaullah P, Azam S. 2010. Antibacterial, Antifungal and Insecticidal activities of some selected medicinal plants of Polygonaceae. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(31), p 5032-5036.
Hussain KA, Tarakji B, Kandy BPP, John J, Mathews J. 2015. Antimicrobial effects of Citrus sinesis peel extracts against periodontopathic bacteria: An in vitro study. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 66, 173-178.
Irshad S, Mahmood M, Parveen F. 2012. In vitro antibacterial activities of three medicinal plants using agar well diffusion method. Research Journal of Biology 2, 1-8.
Jain PK, Gupta VK, Misra AK, Gaur R. 2011. Current Status of Fusarium infection in Human and Animal. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 6(3), 201-227.
Johnson JR, Clermont O, Menard M, Kuskowski MA, Picard B. 2006. Experimental mouse lethality of Escherichia coli isolates in relation to accessory traits, phylogenetic groups, and clinical source. Journal of infectous diseases 194, 1141-1150.
Karch A, Karch AM. 2014. Lippincott Nursing Drug Guide, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, US.
Khorasani A, Sani W, Philip K, Taha RM, Rafat A. 2010. Antioxidant and Antibacterial activities of ethanolic extracts of Asparagus officinalis Cv. Mary Washington: Comparison of In vivo and In vitro grown plant bioactivities. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(49), p 8460-8466.
Lewis K, Ausubel FM. 2006. Prospects of plant derived anti-bacterials. Natural Biotechnology 24, 1504-1507.
Mahindra R, Kateryna K. 2013. Fighting multidrug resistance with herbal extracts essential oils and their components (1st edn), Academic press, Elsevier.
Modilal MRD, Anandan R, Sindhu R, Logeshwari MN. 2015. Screening of Solanum nigrum for its Phytochemical and Antimicrobial activity against respiratory tract pathogens. International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology. 3(3), 210-215.
Moshirfar M, Mirzaian G, Feiz V, Kang PC. 2006. Fourth-generation fluoroquinolone-resistant bacterial keratitis after refractive surgery.The Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 32, 515-518.
Parekh J, Jadeja D, Chanda S. 2005. Efficacy of aqueous and methanol extracts of some medicinal plants for potential antibacterial activity. Turkish Journal of Biology 29, 203-210.
Pastor FJ, Guarro J. 2008. Alternaria infections: Laboratory diagnosis and relevant clinical features. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 14(8), 734-746.
Petlevski R, Hadzija M, Slijepcevic M, Juretie D. 2001. Effect of anti-diabetes herbal preparation on serum glucose and fructosamine in NOD mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 75, 181-184.
Sharvani KA, Jagadeesh D, Chandrakanth R, Sumana K, Seema M. 2015. Antimicrobial assay of Elaeocarpus species of Western Ghats of karnataka. The Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry 3, 14-19.
Singh P, Shivhare Y, Singhai AK, Sharma A. 2010. Pharmacological and phytochemical profile of Chenopodium album Linn. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 3(4), p 960-963.
Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dicky DA. 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics, A Biometrical Approach. 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, Inc. Book Co., New York, 352-358.
Thakur A, Rays. 2014. Certain medicinal plants of Solanaceae and their alkaloids screening. International Research Journal Medical Science 2(1). 4-6.
Tiwari S, Singh A. 2004. Toxic and sub-lethal effects of oleadrin on biochemical parameters of freshwater air breathing murrel, Chant punctatus (Bloch.). Indian Journal Experimental Biology 42, 413-418.
Uddin M, Ghufran MA, Idrees M, Irshad M, Jabeen S, Ahmad W, Malook I, Batool A, Rashid A, Arshad M, Naeem R. 2012. Antibacterial activity of methanolic root extract of Asparagus racemosus. Journal of Public Health and Biological Sciences 1(2), p 32-35.
WHO. 2002. Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO Regions, estimates for 2001. World health report, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Woodford N, Ellington MJ. 2007. The emergence of antibiotic resistance by mutation. Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 13, 5-18.
Muhammmad Ibrahim, Naveed Akhtar, Arshad Iqbal, Haji Bahadar, Sara (2021), Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Wild Edible Plants of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; IJB, V18, N3, March, P95-103
https://innspub.net/evaluation-of-antimicrobial-activities-and-phytochemical-screening-of-selected-wild-edible-plants-of-district-malakand-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan/
Copyright © 2021
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0