Evaluation of phytochemicals and in vitro biological activities of Semecarpus kurzii leaf extract

Paper Details

Research Paper 20/10/2025
Views (7)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Evaluation of phytochemicals and in vitro biological activities of Semecarpus kurzii leaf extract

Deepika, V. Ambikapathy, S. Babu, A. Panneerselvam
Int. J. Biosci. 27(4), 159-168, October 2025.
Copyright Statement: Copyright 2025; The Author(s).
License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Abstract

The aim of the present investigation qualitative and quantitative plant secondary metabolites, in vitro antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity were analyzed with four different solvent extraction (Aqueous, chloroform, ethanol & hexane) of Semecarpus kurzii leaf extract. The studies were done by standard procedure. Totally twelve phytocompounds viz., alkaloids, aminoacids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, phlobatannins, quinines, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids were examined. Phenol and saponin present in above mentioned four solvents and alkaloids are strongly present in ethanol extract. Aqueous and ethanol extract recorded in maximum phytocompounds than compared to other extract. In the Phytochemical constituent of 300 µg/100 ml concentrations recorded in maximum antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in both solvents and compared with standard.

Akinmoladun AC, Ibukun EO, Afor E, Obuotor EM, Farombi EO. 2007. Phytochemical constituent and antioxidant activity of extract from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. Science Research Essay 2, 163–166.

Ali MA, Wahed MI, Khatune NA, Rahman BM, Barman RK, Islam MR. 2015. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of Semecarpus anacardium (Linn.) bark. BMC Complement Altern Med 15, 138.

Brand W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. 1995. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Food Science and Technology 28(10), 25–30.

Clark R. 2002. Leukocyte function in inflammation and immunity. McGraw Hill Publishers, 1–8.

Dewan MF, Islam MN, Ali MA, Rahman MM, Shams SNU, Ahiduzzaman M. 2025. Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of traditional and modern aromatic rice: A comparative study. Food and Humanity, 100752.

Eggleton P, Haigh R, Winyard PJR. 2008. Consequence of neo-antigenicity of the ‘altered self’. Rheumatology 47, 567–571.

Ekwueme FN, Oje OA, Nwodo OFC, Ozoemena NF. 2011. Anti-inflammatory capacity of the aqueous leaf extract of Senna mimosoides on inhibition of rat oedema, platelet aggregatory activity and prostaglandin synthase activity. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(14), 3028–3036.

Gao M, Liu CZ. 2005. Comparison of techniques for the extraction of flavonoids from cultured cells of Saussurea medusa Maxim. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 21(8), 1461–1463.

Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZ, Rahmat A. 2015. Phytochemical constituents and biological activities of different extracts of Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Bremek leaves grown in different locations of Malaysia. BMC Complement Altern Med 15(1), 422.

Harborne JB. 1989. General procedures and measurement of total phenolics. Methods in Plant Biochemistry 1, 1–28.

Harborne JB. 1998. Phytochemical methods. Chapman and Hall, London, 60–66.

Hiai S, Oura H, Nakajima T. 1976. Color reaction of some sapogenins and saponins with vanillin and sulfuric acid. Planta Medica 29(2), 116–122.

Igwenyi IO, Offor CE, Ajah DA, Nwankwo OC, Ukaomah JI, Aja PM. 2011. Chemical compositions of Ipomea aquatica (Green Kangkong). International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 4, 594–598.

Jahangir S, John P, Bhatti A, Aslam MM, Malik JM, Anderson JR, Peffers MJ. 2022. LC-MS/MS-based serum protein profiling for identification of candidate biomarkers in Pakistani rheumatoid arthritis patients. Life 12, 464.

Jayakar V, Lokapur V, Shantaram M. 2020. Identification of the volatile bioactive compounds by GC-MS analysis from the leaf extracts of Garcinia cambogia and Garcinia indica. Medicinal Plants – International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries 12(4), 580–590.

Kabir S, Zahan R, Chowdhury AMS, Rashid MA, Haque MR, Hasan CM. 2020. Evaluation of antioxidant, antitumor, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Glochidion lanceolarium (Roxb.) Voigt. The Journal of Science Foundation 18(2), 72–80.

Kaymaz K, Hensel A, Beikler T. 2019. Polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease: A systematic review of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies. Fitoterapia 132, 30–39.

Khan IH, Javaid A. 2020. Anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds of quinoa inflorescence. Advancements in Life Sciences 8(1), 68–72.

Krishnaiah D, Devi T, Bono A, Sarbatly R. 2009. Studies on phytochemical constituent of six Malaysian medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 3, 67–72.

Lokapur V, Jayakar V, Divakar MS, Chalannavar RK, Lasrado L, Shantaram M. 2022. ZnO nanoparticles with spectroscopically controlled morphology, bioinspired from Holigarna grahamii (Wight) Kurz and delving its antioxidant and anticancer potential on A498 cell line. Materials Today Communications 31, 103338.

Madike LN, Takaidza S, Pillay M. 2017. Preliminary phytochemical screening of crude extracts from the leaves, stems, and roots of Tulbaghia violacea. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 9(10), 1300–1308.

Meyer H. 1957. Experimental biochemistry. Biochemical Journal 67, 333–340.

Otunola GA, Afolayan AJ. 2018. In vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and toxicity profile of silver nanoparticles green-synthesized and characterized from aqueous extract of a spice blend formulation. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment 32(3), 724–733.

Priyanka. 2020. Qualitative phytochemical constituents of some medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 8(1), 62–65.

Sethna SM, Shah NM. 1945. The chemistry of coumarins. Chemical Reviews 36(1), 1–62.

Simon DI, Chen Z, Seifert P, Edelman ER, Ballantyne CM, Rogers C. 2000. Decreased neointimal formation in Mac-1 mice reveals a role for inflammation in vascular repair after angioplasty. Journal of Clinical Investigation 105, 293–300.

Sonali D, Hallur RLS, Mandal AB. 2023. Evaluation of Semecarpus kurzii Engler from Bay Islands for oxidative DNA damage protective activity and in vitro antioxidant potential. Biomedicine 43(2), 595–602.

Taiz L, Zeiger E. 2002. Plant physiology. 3rd ed. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.

Williams LAD, O’Connar A, Latore L, Dennis O, Ringer S, Whittaker JA, Conrad J, Vogler B, Rosner H, Kraus W. 2008. The in vitro anti-denaturation effects induced by natural products and non-steroidal compounds in heat-treated (immunogenic) bovine serum albumin (BSA) is proposed as a screening assay for the detection of anti-inflammatory compounds without the use of animals in the early stages of the drug discovery process. West Indian Medical Journal 57(4), 327–331.

World Health Organization (WHO), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). 1993. Guidelines on the conservation of medicinal plants. Switzerland.

Zemali D, Ouahrani M, Ridha. 2013. Phytochemical study of selected medicinal plants, Solanum nigrum, the Algerian desert. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 20, 25–30.

Zhu F, He J, Kong L, Guo Z, Liang P, Zhang J, Liang M. 2025. H-ferritin: A new cytoprotective antioxidant strategy via detoxification of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen. Nano Research 18(2), 94907189.

Related Articles

Rice productivity and soil hydrodynamic properties under lowland Elaeis guineensis and Borassus aethiopum: An asset rice agroforestry system

Sissou Zakari, Pierre Tovihoudji, Janvier Egah, Sékaro Amamath Boukari, Raymon Bio Gonga, Mouiz W. I. A. Yessoufou, Imorou F. Ouorou Barrè, Int. J. Biosci. 27(4), 177-190, October 2025.

Population dynamic parameters for Pseudupeneus prayensis (Mullidae) (Cuvier, 1829) in Ivorian continental shelf

Christian Bernard Tia, Abdoulaye Kone, Diomande Loua, Soumaïla Sylla, Essetchi Paul Kouamelan, Int. J. Biosci. 27(4), 169-176, October 2025.

Comparative analysis of the influence of temporal, seasonal and behavioral factors using XGBoost for predicting traveled distances

Y. F. Lankoande, A. K. Gandema, S. Ouedraogo-Kone, A. Kone, Y. Sawadogo, J. Moses, Int. J. Biosci. 27(4), 150-158, October 2025.

The protective effect of black pepper (Piper nigrum) on liver enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Amani A. R. Filimban, Khulud A. Wathi, Int. J. Biosci. 27(4), 140-149, October 2025.

Production of bioplastics (PHB) using waste paper as feed stock by Cupriavidus taiwanensis

Ajeena Davis, Jini Joseph, Int. J. Biosci. 27(4), 130-139, October 2025.

Gill ectoparasites of the mugilidae from the Ebrié lagoon, Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

Eby Yoboué Gnamma Honorine Alla, Carel Wilfried Bermian Dibi-Ahui, Fidèle Kouassi Kouakou, Abouo Béatrice Adepo-Gourene, Int. J. Biosci. 27(4), 123-129, October 2025.

Impacts of diverse water management systems on growth and yield of two prominent boro rice cultivars in Bangladesh

Zahidul Islam, Md Ekhlasur Rahman, Md Khayrul Islam Bashar, Sharmin Sultana, Md Taharat Al Tauhid, Md Rabiul Islam, Md Shahed Hossain, Md Musa Mondal, Pradip Kumar Biswas, Int. J. Biosci. 27(4), 110-122, October 2025.

First record of Brachymeria excarinata Gahan, 1925 (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) parasitizing Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in west Africa

Babacar Labou, Etienne Tendeng, El hadji Sérigne Sylla, Mamadou Diatte, Karamoko Diarra, Int. J. Biosci. 27(4), 104-109, October 2025.