Evolutionary Perspectives for Analyzing Shell Shape Changes in Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) using Landmark-Based Geometric Morphometrics
Paper Details
Evolutionary Perspectives for Analyzing Shell Shape Changes in Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) using Landmark-Based Geometric Morphometrics
Abstract
Geometric morphometric (GM)analysiswas used to carry out variations of the shell shape of Pomacea canaliculata. Freshwater golden apple snails were investigated to find out whether males and females vary in their dorsal and ventral shell orientation considering the fact that they adapt differently to their environment. Relative warps (RW) analysis was done using tpsRelw which corresponds to the Principal Components Analysis (PCA). For males and females, dorsal relative warps reveal 35.49% and 41.18%, respectively. These findings reveal that males have a larger bodies with longer and expanded spires, while females have compressed bodies in both extremes. Male accounts for 50.37% of ventral relative warps, which shows a broader body at the negative extreme and compressed at a positive extreme, while female account for 54.76%, which show expansion of the body part with the narrower spire at the negative extreme and narrower aperture with compression at the positive extreme. The differences could be due to environmental selection pressures, which could lead to genetic modifications and, as a result, phenotypic plasticity. Furthermore, it can aid in the preliminary comprehension of particular species concepts as well as the overall notion of evolution, which is concerned with changes in the genetic composition of populations of organisms across time.
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