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Fish scales chitosan: Extraction, characterization and applications: A review

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Review Paper 07/01/2025
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Fish scales chitosan: Extraction, characterization and applications: A review

Cjay B. Soliven, John Rommel T. Retuya
J. Bio. Env. Sci.26( 1), 134-148, January 2025.
Certificate: JBES 2025 [Generate Certificate]
Key: CharacterizationChitinChitosanExtraction methodsFish scales

Abstract

The rapid growth in global fisheries production has led to a notable increase in fish scale waste, which remains largely underutilized despite containing valuable bioactive molecules like chitosan. This study presents a systematic review of seventeen peer-reviewed articles published from 2014 to 2024, focusing on the extraction, characterization, and application of chitosan derived from fish scales. The review highlights a growing research interest in extraction techniques, which primarily involve chemical processes such as deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation. Variations in extraction methods across different fish species, including Lutjanus spp., Channa striata, and Tilapia, have resulted in differing chitosan yields and qualities. Key findings reveal that extraction parameters significantly influence chitosan’s chemical structure, morphology, and mechanical properties. Characterization techniques, including FTIR and SEM, confirmed successful deacetylation and provided detailed insights into the structural attributes of chitosan. The findings suggest that chitosan from fish scales has a broad range of potential applications, including food preservation, wound care, antibacterial agents, and environmental management. To improve chitosan extraction and application, this review recommends standardizing extraction methods, optimizing process parameters for consistency, and further investigating species-specific advantages. Enhanced characterization techniques are also crucial for advancing chitosan quality and expanding its industrial applications.

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