Frequency of hyperglycemia and its associated risk factors in diabetic patients
Paper Details
Frequency of hyperglycemia and its associated risk factors in diabetic patients
Abstract
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism in which body unable to secrete sufficient or produce insulin. Hyperglycemia may lead to cadriomyopathies, neurophathies, nephropathies and retinopathies. The objective of this was to investigate the frequency of hyperglycemia and associated risk factors among people of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study was a population based cross sectional study, conducted on randomly collected samples from 384 individuals of age more than 25 years. Demographic data were collected by questionnaire while blood samples were collected for determination of plasma glucose through spectrophotometer (Micro Lab 300). Patients were considered diabetic if plasma glucose level were from 140-199mg per dl. All the data were analyzed through statistical package for social sciences version 22. A total of 384 samples were collected from patients in 19.3% were hyperglycemic. Out of total (n=384), male were 62.2% (n=239) and female was 37.8% (n=145). Majority patients were found in age of 26-39 years with 41.4% (n=159), followed by age of 40-54 years with 40.1% (n=154) and 18.5% (n=71) at age of 55-70 years. Overall percentage of obesity, hypertension and positive family history was 28.0% (n=109), 30.0 (n=116) and 29.9% (n=115) patients respectively. Our results suggest that type II Diabetes has become a health problem in district Charsadda, especially in adults. Therefore, proper and better strategies are required to overcome the issue.
Alberti KGMM, Zimmet PZ. 1998. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabetic medicine 15(7), 539-553. http://dx.doi.org/org/10.1002/(SICI)10969136(199807)15
Haque N, Debnath BC, Ibrahim M, Sirajuddin, K, Majumder M, Hossain MS. 2011. Association of HbA1c with urinary ACR & eGFR in Type-2 diabetes mellitus. Pulse 5(1), 6-11. http://dx.doi.org/org/10.3329/pulse.v5i1.20183.
Al-Hakami AM. 2016. Pattern of thyroid, celiac, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptideautoantibodies coexistence with type 1 diabetes mellitus in patients from Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Saudi medical journal 37(4), 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.15537/smj.2016.4.13571.
Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. 2010. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes research and clinical practice 87(1), 4-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007.
Bimenya G, Kasolo J, Okwi A, Othieno E, Ochieng J, Kalule B, Kalungi S. 2010. Determination of LDL-cholesterol: direct measurement by homogeneous assay versus Friedewald calculation among Makerere University undergraduate fasting students. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 4(2). http://dx.doi.org/org/10.4314/ijbcs.v4i2.58154.
Akter M, Jahan N, Islam MN, Chowdhury F, Hoque SM, Khanom S, Begum R. 2015. Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Spp. Blood Stream Infection in A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of An Urban Specialized Hospital in Dhaka. Journal of Dhaka Medical College 24(1), 47-52. http://dx.doi.org/org/10.3329/jdmc.v24i1.29563.
Nardone G, Romano M, CALABRO A, Persico M, DESIO I, Pedone PV, Budillon G. 1995. Expression of insulin-like growth-factor (IGF)-II in hepatitis-C virus-related chronic liver-disease, and hepatocellular-carcinoma. In Hepatology. 22(4), 1423-1423). Independence square west curtis center, STE 300, Philadelphia, PA 19106-3399.
Abbott CA, Carrington AL, Ashe H, Bath S, Every LC, Griffiths J, Ryder CH. 2002. The North‐West Diabetes Foot Care Study: incidence of, and risk factors for, new diabetic foot ulceration in a community‐based patient cohort. Diabetic medicine 19(5), 377-384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00.698.
Stanifer JW, Cleland CR, Makuka GJ, Egger JR, Maro V, Maro H, Philippin H. 2016. Prevalence, risk factors, and complications of diabetes in the Kilimanjaro region: a population-based study from Tanzania. PloS one 11(10), e0164428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164428.
Chiwanga FS, Njelekela MA, Diamond MB, Bajunirwe F, Guwatudde D, Nankya-Mutyoba J, Volmink J. 2016. Urban and rural prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes and risk factors associated with diabetes in Tanzania and Uganda. Global health action 9(1), 31440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.31440.
Basit A, Fawwad A, Qureshi H, Shera AS. 2018. Prevalence of diabetes, pre-diabetes and associated risk factors: Second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP), 2016–2017. BMJ open 8(8), e020961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020961.
Danquah I, Bedu-Addo G, Terpe KJ, Micah F, Amoako YA, Awuku YA, Mockenhaupt FP. (2012). Diabetes mellitus type 2 in urban Ghana: characteristics and associated factors. BMC public health 12(1), 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-210.
Harrison TA, Hindorff LA, Kim H, Wines RC, Bowen DJ, McGrath BB, Edwards KL. 2003. Family history of diabetes as a potential public health tool. American journal of preventive medicine 24(2), 152-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00588-3.
Umar Said, Hidayat Khan, Muhammad Owais, Muhammad Adeel, Anees Muhammad, 2019. Frequency of hyperglycemia and its associated risk factors in diabetic patients. Int. J. Biosci., 15(6), 230-234.
Copyright © 2019 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.