Fucus vesiculosus L. (Bladderwrack) modulates oxidative stress and inflammation on high-fat diet induced obesity in mice

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/06/2019
Views (288) Download (8)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Fucus vesiculosus L. (Bladderwrack) modulates oxidative stress and inflammation on high-fat diet induced obesity in mice

Abstract

High dietary levels of lipid consumption cause ectopic fat accumulation and trigger non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which leads to liver injury. This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Fucus vesiculosus L. (Fv) seaweed on the high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in mice. Forty adult male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (control) and group 2 (HFD); animals fed on standard and HFD respectively. Group 3 (Fv) and group 4 (HFD + Fv); animals supplemented with Fv (575 mg/kg body weight/day) orally by gavage along with standard and high fat diet respectively for 6 consecutive weeks. Body weights, liver enzymes, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Liver histopathological fatty changes were investigated. The mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes were quantitated. The transcriptional activity of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (N2rf) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) were assessed by DNA-binding-based ELISA. Results revealed that Fv supplementation along with HFD regulated body weight gain, improved all biochemical parameters, alleviated liver steatosis, reduced fatty vacuoles and downregulated the SREBP-1c, FAS, TNF-α and IL-6 genes expression. Conversely, Nrf2-inducing Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was activated with concomitant increase in HO-1mRNA expression and enzymatic activity levels in liver tissue. Furthermore, Fv relieves inflammation by reducing the transcriptional activity of the NF-κB. In conclusion, Fv seaweed may be a promising candidate for liver injury induced by high-fat consumption.

VIEWS 8

Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CS, Richmond W, Fu PC. 1974. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clinical Chemistry 20, 470–475.

Bancroft JD, Stevens A. Theory and practice of histological techniques, 3rded. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh: New York, 1990.

Bogolitsyn KG, Kaplitsin PA, Pochtovalova AS. 2014. Amino-acid composition of artic brown algae. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 49, 954–957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-014-0831-1

Bonamichi BDSF, Parente BE, Dos-Santos BR, Beltzhoove R, Lee J, Salles JEN. 2018. The Challenge of Obesity Treatment: A Review of Approved Drugs and New Therapeutic Targets. Journal of Obesity and Eating disorders 4(2), 1-10.

Brookes ZLS, Brown NJ, Reilly CS. 2000. Intravenous anaesthesia and the rat microcirculation: The Dorsal Microcirculatory Chamber. British Journal of Anesthesia 85(6), 901-903. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/85.6.901

Brown EM, Allsopp PJ, Magee PJ, Gill CI, Nitecki S, Strain CR, Mcsorley EM. 2014. Seaweed and human health. Nutrition Reviews 72, 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12091

Byrne CD, Targher G. 2014. Ectopic fat, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: implications for cardiovascular disease. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 34, 1155–1161. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.303034

Cardoso S, Pereira O, Seca A, Pinto D, Silva A. 2015. Seaweeds as preventive agents for cardiovascular diseases: From nutrients to functional foods. Marine Drugs, 13, 6838–6865. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13116838

Catarino MD, Artur M, Silva S, Cardoso SM. 2018. Phycochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Fucus spp. Marine Drugs 16(8), 249. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16080249

Dorn C, Riener MO, Kirovski G, Saugspier M, Steib K, Weiss TS. 2010. Expression of fatty acid synthase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. International Journal of Clinical Experimental Pathology 3(5), 505–514. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897101/

Ellulu MS, Patimah I, Khaza’ai H, Rahmat A, Abed Y. 2017. Obesity and inflammation: the linking mechanism and the complications. Archives of Medical Sciences 13(4), 851-863. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2016.58928

Finley PR, Schifman RB, Williams RJ, Lichti DA. 1978. Cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein: use of Mg2+/dextran sulfate in its enzymatic measurement. Clinical Chemistry 24, 931–933.

Fossati P, Prencipe L. 1982. Serum triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. Clinical Chemistry 28, 2077–2080.

Horton JD, Goldstein JL, Brown MS. 2002. SREBPs: activators of the complete   program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. Journal of Clinical Investigation 109, 1125-1131. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI15593

Jensen GM, Knudsen JC, Viereck N, Kristensen M, Astrup A. 2012. Functionality of alginate based supplements for application in human appetite regulation. Food Chemistry132, 823–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.042

Koracevic D, Koracevic G, Djordjevic V, Andrejevic S, Cosic V. 2001. Method for the measurement of antioxidant activity in human fluids. Journal of Clinical Pathology 54, 356–361. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.54.5.356

Kumashiro N, Erion DM, Zhang D, Kahn M, Beddow SA, Chu X, Still CD. 2011. Cellular mechanism of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 108, 16381–16385. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1113359108

Kutty RK, Maines MD. 1982. Oxidation of heme c derivatives by purified heme oxygenase evidence for the presence of one molecular species of heme oxygenase in the rat liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry 257, 9944–9952.

Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Shao-Cong Sun. 2017. NF-κB signaling in inflammation. Signal Transduction Target Therapy 2, 17- 23. https://doi.org/10.1038/sigtrans.2017.23

Maeda H, Hosokawa M, Sashima T, Funayama K, Miyashita K. 2005. Fucoxanthin from edible seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida, shows antiobesity effect through UCP1 expression in white adipose tissue. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 332, 392-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.002

Marchesini G, Moscatiello S, Domizio SD, Forlani G. 2008. Obesity-Associated Liver Disease. The journal of clinical endocrinology & Metabolism, 93 (11), s74-s80. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1399

Martínez JP, Araya H. 2010. Ascorbate-glutathione cycle: Enzymatic and non-enzymatic integrated mechanisms and its biomolecular regulation. In: Anjum N.A., Umar S., Chan M.T., editors. Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway and Stress Tolerance in Plants. Volume 23, Wiley Online Library; Hoboken, NJ, USA, p 303–322.

Mayer MA, Hocht C, Puyo A, Taira CA. 2009. Recent advances in obesity pharmacotherapy. Current Clinical Pharmacology 4, 53–61. https://doi.org/10.2174/157488409787236128

Miyashita K. 2009. The carotenoid fucoxanthin from brown seaweed affects obesity. Lipid Technology 21, 186-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/lite.200900040

Niki E. 2014. Role of vitamin E as lipid-soluble peroxyl radical scavenger: In vitro and in vivo evidence. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 66, 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.022

Park J, Yeom M, Hahn DH. 2016. Fucoidan improves serum lipid levels and atherosclerosis through hepatic SREBP-2-mediated regulation.  Journal of pharmacological sciences 131, 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphs.2016.03.007

Park HY, Han MH, Park C, Jin CY, Kim GY, Choi IW, Kim ND, Nam TJ, Kwon TK, Choi YH. 2011. Anti-inflammatory effects of fucoidan through inhibition of NF-κB, MAPK and Akt activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology 49, 1745–1752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.04.020

Peng J, Yuan JP, Wu CF, Wang JH. 2011. Fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid present in brown seaweeds and diatoms: Metabolism and bioactivities relevant to human health. Marine Drugs 9, 1806–1828. https://doi.org/10.3390/md9101806

Postic C, Girard J. 2008. Contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance: lessons from genetically engineered mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 11(3), 829–838. https://dx.doi.org/10.1172%2FJCI34275

Reitman S, Frankel S. 1957. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 28, 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56

Shin S, Wakabayashi J, Yates MS, Wakabayashi N, Dolan PM, Aja S. 2009. Role of Nrf2 in prevention of high-fat diet-induced obesity by synthetic triterpenoid CDDO imidazolide. European Journal of Pharmacology 620, 138–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.08.022

Ventura S, Rodrigues M, Falc A, Alves G. 2018. Safety evidence on the administration of Fucus vesiculosus L. (bladderwrack) extract and lamotrigine: data from pharmacokinetic studies in the rat. Drug and chemical toxicology 45, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/01480545.2018.1518454

Yoshioka T, Kawada K, Shimada T, Mori M. 1979. Lipid peroxidation in maternal and cord blood and protective mechanism against activated-oxygen toxicology in the blood. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 135, 372-376.