Geo-spatial analysis and modelling of water borne diseases in District Multan

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/09/2021
Views (498) Download (31)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Geo-spatial analysis and modelling of water borne diseases in District Multan

Hameed Ullah, Rana Waqar Aslam, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Muhammad Ameer Nawaz Akram, Muhammad Burhan Khalid, Kanwal Javid, Aqsa Aziz, Danish Raza
J. Bio. Env. Sci.19( 3), 23-35, September 2021.
Certificate: JBES 2021 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

Pakistan offers the nation’s citizens basic health care with a well-developed primary and public health system but the health sector is underdeveloped in the Southern areas of Punjab and Multan district is prominent area. Multan District has developed and evolved over time, but it still struggles to provide basic health services to its people, especially in rural areas. In rural areas, small health units are springing up, but they are under-equipped, and the workforce is under-trained and uneducated. In the Multan district, a total of 82 BHUs were chosen for this report. Five of the most common diseases in the study region have been identified and affect the population at an alarming rate. In the district of Multan, these five diseases are distributed unequally and affect people in different proportions and result in an annual death rate of 1000 people. In addition, the overall analysis of registered patients into BHUs is geographically represented. People who are diagnosed with different diseases on a yearly basis are often represented using graded colour scheme maps. Water samples were collected from various locations in order to link water-borne diseases to drinking water, as contaminated water is one of the leading causes of these diseases. The study’s results showed that areas with low water quality (contaminated water) have a high number of patients (water-borne diseases), proving the study’s validity. In rural areas with limited access to basic services and a lack of basic quality-of-life initiatives, a study was conducted to identify water-borne diseases.

VIEWS 53

Abbas I, Auta SZ, Naiya RM. 2012. Health Care Facilities Mapping and Database Creation Using GIS in Chikun Local Government, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Global Journals Inc. (USA) 12.

Abdurrahman BI. 2013. A GIS-based Spatial Analysis of Health care Facilities in Yola, Nigeria. Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey.

Ahmed HA, Badr-Eldin TO. 2014. Distribution of Health Care Providers in Khartoum State Using GIS Techniques. Dept. of GIS and Cartography, Faculty of Geographical and Environmental Sciences- University of Khartoum.

Ahmed U. 2013. Distribution of Primary Health Care Facilities in Kano Metropolis Using GIS (Geographic Information System). Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

Albert B. 1992. United States Environmental Protection Agency. July 1992. Secondary Drinking Water Regulations: Guidance for Nuisance Chemicals.

Amjad D, Kausar S, Aslam RW, Sarwar F. 2019. Land cover change analysis and impacts of deforestation on the climate of District Mansehra, Pakistan. J. Bio. Env. Sci 14(6), 103-113, June 2019.

Andrews GJ. 2004. Thinking the Dynamics between Healthcare and Place: Therapeutic Geographies in Treatment and Care Practices. Wiley on behalf of Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) 34.

Aslam RW, Saeed U, Mehmood H, Ullah H, Younas I. 2017. Impure Water, a Future Disaster: A Case Study of Lahore Ground WaterQuality with GIS Techniques. ICGISGDM 2017: International Conference on GIS and Geomatics for Disaster Management. Dubai: World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Civil and Architectural Engineering.

Burgert JM. 2014. Using Geospatial Analysis to Inform Decision Making In Targeting Health Facility-Based Programs. Measure Evaluation, by USAID. Christopher MB, 2006. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. Springer journal of health and sciences.

Cressie N. 1996. Change of Support and the Modiable Areal Unit Problem. Geographical Systems 3, 159-180.

Croxton FE, Cowden DJ, Klein S. 1968. Applied General Statistics, Pitman. ISBN 9780273403159 (page 625).

Curtis AR. 1989. Locality Planning for Health Care: A Case Study in East London. Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) 21.

Darren PS. 2003. Surveying the Uses of Geographical Information Systems in Health Authorities 1991-200. Wiley.

David PB. 2012. Incorporating Geospatial Capacity within Clinical Data Systems to Address Social Determinants of Health. Public Health Reports 126.

Dennis CR. 1982. Sanford Weisberg Criticism and Influence Analysis in Regression, Sociological Methodology, Vol 13(1982), pp. 313-361

Dennis CR. 1984. Sanford Weisberg Criticism and Influence Analysis in Regression, Sociological Methodology, Vol 13(1984), pp. 315-321.

Devon MT, Ouimet C, Menachemi N. 2015. Using GIS for Administrative Decision-Making in a Local Public Health Setting. Association of Schools of Public Health 127.

Dietrich CF. 1991. Uncertainty, Calibration and Probability: The Statistics of Scientific and Industrial Measurement 2nd Edition, A. Higler. ISBN 9780750300605 (Page 331)

Easterlow SJ. 2005. The Strange Geography of Health Inequalities. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 30.

Fazlay SF, Theresa M, Doddato Mangum C. 2003. Utilizing geographic Information Systems in Community Assessment and Nursing Research. Journal of Community Health Nursing 20.

Fleuret S. 2011. Networks in local health systems: towards new spaces. Geo Journal 76.

Fran SE, Boone, Sippel S, Stuart E, Bunn, Bronwyn D. 2012. Identifying the Spatial Scale of Land Use That Most Strongly Influences Overall River Ecosystem Health Score. Ecological Applications 22.

Gould MI. 1992. The Use of GIS and CAC by Health Authorities: Results from a Postal Questionnaire. Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) 24.

Habib W, Aslam RW*, Akram MAN, Khalid MB, Abbas W, Tahir MH, Ullah H, Mehmood H, Mirza AI 2020. “Assessment of Temporal Changes in Landuse Patterns by Incorporating Topographical Parameters”. International Journal of Agriculture & Sustainable Development, Vol 02 Issue 04, pp 99-113.

Hirschfield A. 1995. The Spatial Analysis of Community Health Services on Wirral Using Geographic Information Systems. The Journal of the Operational Research Society 46.

Jonathan DS, Mahbubur R, Rolf D, Klemm, Keith W, West P. 2007. Development and Management of a Geographic Information System for Health Research in a Developing-country Setting: A Case Study from Bangladesh. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 25.

Kohsaka H. 2000. Applications Of GIS To Urban Planning And Management: Problems facing Japanese local governments.

Luo W. 2004. The contribution of GIS to geographical research. Using a GIS-based floating catchment method to assess areas with shortage of physicians. Health & Place.

Maantay J. 2002. Mapping Environmental Injustices: Pitfalls and Potential of Geographic Information Systems in Assessing Environmental Health and Equity. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 110.

McKee E. 2003. Measuring the Health of Nations: Analysis of Mortality Amenable To Health Care. BMJ: British Medical Journal 327.

Michael SE, Patricia NA. 2011. Manuel V., Using GIS to Measure Physical Accessibility to Health Care. World health organization.

Ocasio MB. 2007. Urbanization and Spatial Organization: Hospital and Orphanage Location in Chicago, 1848-1916. Oxford University Press 85.

Paul KJ. 1982. Hospital Location as a Determinant of Emergency Room Utilization Patterns. Association of Schools of Public Health 97.

Qingming ZX. 2008. GIS Based Method to Assess the Shortage Areas of Community Health Service. Research Center for Digital City Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.

Rashid MT, Aslam RW, Abbas W, Ullah H, Khalid MB, Arshad S, Mirza AI, Tahir MH. 2020. “Hazardous Effluents and their Impacts on Human Health: Future of Industrial Boom”. International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology, Vol 02 Issue 04, pp 114-125, 2020.

Redpath M. 1996. Health and Deprivation in Cities; Medical Geography Submitted Papers. Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) 28.

Short JR. 2002. The Disturbing Case of the Concentration of Power in Human Geography. Wiley on behalf of Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) 34.

Skidmore S. 1981. Some Comments on the “Calculation of Catchment Populations within the National Health Service” by Gandy. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series D (The Statistician 30.

Sonam JR. 2015. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Spatial Accessibility to Primary Health Care in Bhutan. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information.

Tahir, Muhammad & amp; Ahmad, Sajid & Aslam, Rana & Ahmad, Israr & Ullah, Hameed & Aziz, Aqsa & Zubair, Muhammad Hamza & Mirza, Ali & Hassan Raza, Dr-Syed. 2020. Critical study of groundwater quality of metropolitan lahore using geo-spatial techniques. Vol 2, pp 89-105.

Tanser F. 2006. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Innovations for Primary Health Care in Developing Countries. innovations spring

Thomas B, Richards CMC. 1999. Geographic Information Systems and Public Health: Mapping the Future. Public Health Reports 114.

Waters A. 2008. Using Geographic Information Systems for Health Research. Application of Geographic Information Systems.