Geo-spatial assessment of tap water and air quality in Gilgit city using geographical information system

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/12/2014
Views (198) Download (3)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Geo-spatial assessment of tap water and air quality in Gilgit city using geographical information system

Tehzeeb Hussain, Saima Sheikh, Jamil Hussain Kazami, Muhammad Hussain, Azhar Hussain, Najam Ul Hassan, Zahid Hussain, Hawas Khan
J. Bio. Env. Sci.5( 6), 49-55, December 2014.
Certificate: JBES 2014 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

Water and life are two sides of the same coin, since water sustains all life processes. The quality of water is of vital concern for mankind since it is directly linked with human health and environmental protection. This study focuses on mapping the quality of tap water using Geographical Information System (GIS) software. Thematic maps were generated on 1:50,000 scale using ArcGIS 10.1. The interpolation pattern of water quality is showing that the pH of Gilgit city was slightly acidic to slightly alkaline with normal electric conductivity. The minimum to maximum range of other water parameters was recorded as 7.22-7.58 calcium hardness, 3.45-96.41 calcium, 0.35-30.8 magnesium, 2.46-5.12 potassium, 1.525-4.09 sodium and 59.47- 65.4 mg/l TDS while E. coli 16.0- 225.94 CFU/l of water were recorded. The dispersion of air pollutants have shown interesting results and range of air quality parameter were recorded as carbon monoxide; 0.47-1.13 mg/m3, NO2 380.0-590 µg/m3, PM10 88.96 164.48 ug/m3 and hydrocarbons 3.7- 4.89.

VIEWS 3

Mishra A, Bhatt V. 2008. Physico- Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of under Ground Water in V.V Nagar and Nearby Places of Anand District, Gujarat, India, Journal of Chemistry., 5(3), 487-492 doi:10.1155/2008/671978

Al-ahmadi ME, El-Fiky AA. 2009.Hydrogeochemical evaluation of shallow alluvial aquifer of Wadi Marwani, western Saudi Arabia. Journal of King Saud University Science,21(3), 179-190.

Dockery DW, Pope CA, Xu X, Splender JD, Ware JH, Fay ME, Ferris BG, Speizer FE.1993.An Association between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six US cities, New England Journal of Medicine, 329.(24), pp. 1753-1759.

Durfer CN, Baker F. 1964. Public water supplies of the 10 larger city in the U.S. Geological Survey. Water Supply, 1962(No.1812)Us Government printing office.

Urbansky ET, Magnuson ML. 2002. Analyzing Drinking Water for Disinfection Byproducts. Analytical chemistry, 74(9), 260-A.

English P, Neutra R, Scalf R, Sullivan M, Waller L, Zhu L.1999. Examining associations between childhood asthma and traffic flow using a geographic information system. Environmental Health Perspectives 107(9), 761–767.

Edwards J, Walters S, Griffiths RC. 1994. Hospital admissions for asthma in pre- school children: relationship to major roads in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Archives of Environmental Health 49(4), 223–227.

Environmental Protection Agency.1997a. EPA addresses mercury pollution in Arizona Waterways: San Francisco, CA, Environmental Protection Agency press release, April 25, 1 p.

Goyal PS. 2003. Present scenario of air quality in Delhi: a case study of CNG implementation. Atmospheric Environment, 37(38),5423-5431.

Hajalilou B, Khaleghi F.2009. Investigation of hydro geochemical factors and groundwater quality assessment in Marand Municipality, northwest of Iran: a Multivariate statistical approach. Journal of food, Agriculture and environment, 7(3-4), 930-937.

Jain CK, Kumar CP, Sharma MK. 2003. Ground water qualities of Ghataprabha command Area, Karnataka. Indian Journal of Environment and Ecoplanning, 7(2), 251-262.

Koken PJ, Piver WT, Ye F, Elixhauser A, Olsen LM, Portier CJ. 2003.Temperature, air pollution, and hospitalization for cardiovascular diseases among elderly people in Denver. Environmental Health Perspectives,111(10), 1312.

Khodapanah L, Sulaiman WNA, Khodapanah N. 2009. Ground water quality assessment for different purposes in Eshtehard district, Tehran, Iran. European journal of scientific research, 36(4), pp 543-553.

Mage D, Ozolins G, Peterson P, Webster A, Orthofer R, Vandeveerd V, Gwynne M. 1996. Urban air pollution in megacities of the world. Atmospheric Environment 30(5), 681-686.

Farah N, Zia MA, Rehman K, Sheikh M. 2002. Quality characteristics and treatment of drinking water of Faisalabad city. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 3,347–9

Singh P, Saharan JP. 2010. Elemental Analysis of Satluj River Water Using EDXRF,” Nature & Science, 8(3), pp. 24-28.

Wright P, Mason CF. 1999. Spatial and seasonal variation in heavy metals in the sediments and biota of two adjacent estuaries, the Orwell and the Stour, in eastern 21. England. Science of the Total Environment., 226(2), 139-156.

Ramesh K, Elango L. 2006. Groundwater Quality Assessment in Tondiar Basin. Indian. Journal of Environmental Protection, 26(6), 497-504.

Singh PK, Singh UC, Suyash Kumar. 2009. An integrated approach using remote sensing, GIS and geoelectrical techniques for the assessment of groundwater conditions: A case study, GIS development e-magazine, 5(35), available at http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/nrm/wa ter/ground/iars.htm.

Swarna Latha P, Nageswara Rao K. 2010. Assessment and spatial distribution of quality of groundwater in zone II and III, Greater Visakhapatnam, India using water quality index (WQI) and GIS, International journal of environmental sciences, 1(2), pp 198-212.

World Health Organization (WHO). 2006. Guidelines for drinking-water quality: First addendum to 1(1),World Health Organization.

World Health Organization (WHO).1993. Guidelines for drinking water quality, (2nd edition. 1-3).

World Health Organization (WHO). 1997. Guidelines for drinking-water quality, (3). Surveillance and control of community supplies.

Bartram, J. 2009. Water safety plan manual.