GPS Based Surveillance and Chemothrerapeutic Management of Citrus Canker Disease and Leaf Miner in Relation to Prevailing Environmental Conditions in Sargodha District
Paper Details
GPS Based Surveillance and Chemothrerapeutic Management of Citrus Canker Disease and Leaf Miner in Relation to Prevailing Environmental Conditions in Sargodha District
Abstract
In order to construct a disease management strategy, citrusorchards of different tehsils of district Sargodha viz. Bhalwal, Kot Momin, SillanWali, Shahpur, Sahiwal and Sargodha were surveyed to measure incidence of canker and citrus leaf miner population in relation to prevailing environmental conditions by using global positioning system (GPS). GPS data was collected from Globalnaya Navigazionnaya Sputunikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) a program of Russian space agency which offer its services on mobile app. The data was uploaded on google maps to draw an incidence map. Maximum disease incidence was observed in Kot Momin mainly, Chak No 21 S.B (32.16078, 73.02801) and Mela (32.16976, 73.13783). Citrus leaf miner showed maximum prevalence at Bhalwal mainly in Lilyani (32.21312, 72.94722). Except relative humidity, all environmental conditions were found significantly correlatedwith both disease incidence and citrus leaf miner population at all six localities. With every one unit increase in minimum and maximum temperature, rain and wind speed disease incidence and citrus leaf miner population also increased. Among chemicals, Streptomycine + Copper oxychloride @ 1 + 3g/L and match 50 EC were found most effective in controlling citrus canker and citrus leaf miner population as compared to control and all other chemicals.
Alditar K. 1999. Application of Chaetomium species (Ketomium®) as a new broad spectrum biological fungicide for plant disease control: A review article. Fungal Diversity (7), 1-15.
Arora A, Kaur S, Rattanpal HS, Singh J. 2013. Development of citrus canker in relation to environmental conditions. Plant Disease Research (28), 100-101.
Breed RS, Murry EGD, Smith NR. 1989. Bergey’s Manual of Systemic Bacteriology. (Eds.S. T. Williams, M. E. Sharpe, andJ. G. Holt). Williams and Wilkinson Co. Baltimore 4, 1-106.
Croxal HE, Gwynne DC, Jenkins JE. 1952. The rapid assessment of apple scab on leaves. Plant Pathology (1), 39-41.
Das AK. 2003. Citrus canker-A review. Journal of Applied Horticulture 5(1), 52-60.
Derso E, Sijam K. 2007. Citrus canker: a new disease of Mexican lime Citrus aurantilolia) and sour orange (C. aurantifolia) in Ethiopia. Fruits, 62: 89-98. ‘Dye, D. W. 1962. Citrus cankar is still in New Zealand. The Plant Pathology (27), 397-398.
Goto M. 1992. Citrus canker in plant diseases of international importance Vol. III. Disease of fruit crops. Facul. Agric., Shizouka Univ., 836 Ohya. Shizouka, 422 Japan. Phytopathological Society of Japan 52(10), 69-97.
Goto M, Hyodo H. 1985. Role of extracellular polysaccharides of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri in the early stage of infection. Phytopathological Society of Japan (51), 22-31.
Gottwald TR, Hughes G, Graham JH, Sun X, Riley T. 2001. The citrus canker epidemic in Florida: The scientific basis of regulatory eradication policy for an invasive species. Phytopathology (91), 30-34.
Graham JH, Gottwald TR, Cubero J, Achor D. 2004. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri: factors affecting successful eradication of citrus canker. Molecular Plant Pathology 5(1), 1-15.
Gunn RE. 1962. Bacterial blight of cotton. A seedling inoculation technique. Plant Pathology (39), 188-190.
Halbert Z, Manjunath F. 2004. Methods in Plant Pathology. Elsevier, Amstardum,P509.
Hall DG, Richardson ML, Ammar ED, & Halbert SE. 2013. Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, vector of citrus huanglongbing disease. Entomologia Experimentalis Applicata 146(2), 207-223.
Acanthi PDK, Verghese A. 2004. Efficacy of new insecticides and neem formula the management of the citrus leaf miner. Phyllocnistis cure/la Stainton (Phyllocni Lepidoptera). Div. Entom. & Nemat., Ind. Ins. Bangalore, Indian Entomology (29), 45-50.
Johnston A, Booth C. 1983. Plant Pathologists Pocketbook (2nd ed). Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surry, England p 23-28.
Kale KB, Kolte S0, Peshney NL. 1994. Economics of chemical control of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri under field conditions. Indian Phytopathology (47), 253-255.
Khan MA, Rehman MS. 2000: Evaluation of multiple regression models based on epidemiological factors to predict citrus canker and withertip diseases. Pakistan Journalof Phytopathology 12(2), 95-100.
Kiraly ZZ, Klement F, Ealymasy, Voras J. 1974. Methods in plant pathology. Elseview scienfific pub. Co. new york.
Kuhara S. 1978. Present epidemic status and control of citrus canker disease Xanthomonas citri (Has5e) Dowson in Japan. Plant Protection Research (11), 132-142.
Latif A, Yunus M. 1961. Food plants of citrus leaf miner (Phyllocnistis cure/la) in the Punjab. Bull. Entomology Research 42(2), 311-316.
Malan AP, Knoetze R, Moore SD. 2011. Isolation and identification of entomopathogenic nematodes from citrus orchards in South Africa and their biocontrol potential against false codling moth. Journal of invertebrate pathology 108(2), 115-125.
Pena JE, Sharp JL, Wysoki M. 2002.Tropical fruit pests and pollinators:biology, economic importance, natural enemies, and control. CABI.
Pervoc T, Redoluvic M, Lazovic B, Malidzan S, Adaklic M, kontic S. 2006. The control of citrus leaf miner (phyllocnistis citrella Station) with insecticides of neonicotinoid and avermectin group. Vocarstvo 40(3), 227-235.
Ramakrishna CA. 1954. Economic perspective for agricultural biotechnology research planning. Philippine institute for development studies, Discussion paper No. 2000-10, April 2000: 28.
SAS. 1990. Institute Inc. SAS User’s Guide to Statistics, Version 6. 4th edn. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
Schueller JK, Whitney JD, Wheaton TA, Miller WM, Turner AE. 1999. Low-cost automatic yield mapping in hand-harvested citrus. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 23(2), 145-153.
Srivastava S, Leite RP, Mohan SK. 1997. Integrated management of the citrus bacterial canker disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri in the state of Parana, Brazil. Crop Protection (9), 3-7.
Xiao YK, Gao YB, Zhang X, Su D, Wang YH, Xu H, Lin F, Ren AZ, Chen L, Nie LY. 2007. Distribution and diversity of Epichloë/ Neotyphodium fungal endophytes from different populations of Achnatherum sibiricum (Poaceae) in the Inner Mongolia Steppe, China. Fungal Diversity (24), 329-345.
Muhamad Aslam Khan, Muhammad Qais, Yasir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif, Muhammad Atiq, Muhammad Bashair, Muhammad Zeeshan Mansha, Azhar Abbas Khan, Adeel Ahmad, 2020. GPS Based Surveillance and Chemothrerapeutic Management of Citrus Canker Disease and Leaf Miner in Relation to Prevailing Environmental Conditions in Sargodha District. Int. J. Biosci., 16(3), 88-102.
Copyright © 2020 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.