Growth response of maize (Zea mays) intercropped with Rhizobium inoculated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and P and K fertilization
Paper Details
Growth response of maize (Zea mays) intercropped with Rhizobium inoculated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and P and K fertilization
Abstract
The research was carried out for the two consecutive cropping seasons in northern Tanzania to evaluate the effects of cropping systems and P and K fertilization on maize growth. A split-split plot design experiment with 2x4x7 factorial arrangements and replicated thrice was conducted. The main plots comprised of two rhizobia inoculation treatments on Soybean, the sub plots comprising sole maize (SM) at a spacing of 75x60cm; sole soybean at a spacing of 75x40cm; maize-soybean intercropped at 75×60 and 75x20cm, maize and soybean respectively; and the last cropping system was maize-soybean intercropped at 75×60 and 75x40cm, maize and soybean respectively. The fertilizer levels: control; 20K; 40K; 26P; 52P; 26P+20K; 52P+40K (kg ha-1) were assigned to sub-subplots. The results indicated that both cropping systems and P and K fertilization improved maize growth for the two cropping seasons. The plant height was significantly higher in M+B(A)+R and M+B(B)+R. The stem girth, plant vigor and greenness were statistically similar in sole maize (SM), M+B(A)+R and M+B(B)+R for both seasons. Any level of P and K significantly increased all growth attributes measured. The 40K+52P (kg ha-1) performed better than all other fertilizers treatments. Therefore, intercropping maize with Rhizobium inoculated soybean at wider spacing and supplemented with P and K applied at higher rate of 40K+52P (kg ha-1) will result in improved plant growth and hence final yield.
Andrés Z, Pérez-Hormaeche J, Leidi EO, Schlücking K, Steinhorst L, McLachlan DH, Schumacher K, Hetherington AM, Kudla J, Cubero B, Pardo JM. 2014. Control of vacuolar dynamics and regulation of stomatal aperture by tonoplast potassium uptake. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(17), 1806-1814.
Barragán V, Leidi EO, Andrés Z, Rubio L, De Luca A, Fernández JA, Cubero B, Pardo JM. 2012. Ion exchangers NHX1 and NHX2 mediate active potassium uptake into vacuoles to regulate cell turgor and stomatal function in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 24(3), 1127-1142. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.111. 095273 PMid:22438021 PMCid:PMC3336136.
Barreiro-Hurle J. 2012. Analysis of incentives and disincentives for maize in the United Republic of Tanzania. Technical notes series, MAFAP, FAO, Rome. Available at:http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/ templates/ mafap/documents/technical_notes/URT/TAN ZANIA_ Technical_Note_MAIZE_EN_Oct2013.pdf. Accessed on March 20, 2017.
Blackie MJ. 1990. Maize, food self-sufficiency and policy in east and southern Africa. Food Policy 15(5), 383-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(90)90055-5
Brady NC. 2002. Phosphorus and potassium. In: The nature and properties of soils. Prentice-Hall of India, Delhi. pp.352.
Carr PM, Horsley RD, Poland WW. 2004. Barley, oat, and cereal–pea mixtures as dryland forages in the northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal 96(3), 677-684 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.0677
Dusa EM, Stan V. 2013. The effect of intercropping on crop productivity and yield quality of oat (Avena sativa L.)/grain leguminous species (Pea–Pissum sativum L., Lentil–Lens culinaris L.) cultivated in pure stand and mixtures, in the organic agriculture system. European Scientific Journal 9(21), 69-78.
FAOSTAT. 2015. Country profile. United Republic of Tanzania. Online available at: http://faostat3.fao.org/ home/E. Accessed on March 3, 2015.
Giller KE, Ormesher J, Awah FM. 1991. Nitrogen transfer from Phaseolus bean to intercropped maize measured using 15N-enrichment and 15N-isotope dilution methods. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 23(4), 339-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(91)90189-Q
Giller KE, Wilson KJ, 1991. Nitrogen Fixation in Tropical Cropping Systems. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. PMCid:PMC144264.
Hirpa T. 2014. Response of maize crop to spatial arrangement and staggered inter seeding of haricot bean. International Journal of Environment 3(3), 126-138. https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11072
Hossain MD, Musa MH, Talib J, Jol H. 2010. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels on kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) growth and photosynthesis under nutrient solution. Journal of Agricultural Science 2(2), 49-57. https://doi.org/ 10.5539/jas.v2n2p49
IITA. 2009. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Maize Online: available a thttp://www. iita.org/maize. Accessed August 29, 2014.
Karim AB, Savill PS, Rhodes ER. 1993. The effects of between-row (alley widths) and withinrow spacings of Gliricidia sepium on alleycropped maize in Sierra Leone. Agroforestry Systems 24(1), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705269
Lemlem A. 2013. The effect of intercropping maize with cowpea and lablab on crop yield. Herald Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Research 2(5), 156-170.
Lissbrant S, Berg WK, Volenec J, Brouder S, Joern B, Cunningham S, Johnson K. 2009. Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization of Alfalfa. Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Publication AY-331-W.
Mallarino AP, Bordoli JM, Borges R. 1999. Phosphorus and Potassium Placement Effects on Early Growth and Nutrient Uptake of No-Till Corn and Relationships with Grain Yield. Agronomy Journal 91, 37–45. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1999.00021962009100010007x
Ndiso JB, Chemining’wa GN, Olubayo FM, Saha HM. 2017. Effect of cropping system on soil moisture content, canopy temperature, growth and yield performance of maize and cowpea. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7(3), 1271-1281.
Nyoki D, Ndakidemi PA. 2016. Intercropping System, Rhizobia Inoculation, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization: A Strategy of Soil Replenishment for Improved Crop Yield. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5(10), 504-522. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas. 2016.510.056
Nyoki D, Ndakidemi PA. 2017. Growth response of Brady rhizobium inoculated soybean grown under maize intercropping systems, and P and K fertilization. International Journal of Biosciences 10(3), 323-334. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/10.3.323-334
Oliveira VRD, Silva PSL, Paiva HND, Pontes FST, Antonio RP. 2016. Growth of Arboreal Leguminous Plants and Maize Yield in Agroforestry Systems. Revista Árvore, Viçosa-MG (40)4, 679-688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000400011
Shahid MQ, Saleem MF, Khan HZ, Anjum SA, 2009. Performance of soybean (Glycine max L.) under different phosphorus levels and inoculation. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 46(4), 237-241.
Steel RGD, Torrie JH. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Kogakusha, New York.
Talbott LD, Zeiger E. 1996. Central Roles for Potassium and Sucrose in Guard-Cell Osmoregulation. Plant Physiology 111, 1051-1057. https://doi.org/10. 1104/pp.111.4.1051.PMid:12226347 PMCid:PMC160980
Uchida RS. 2000. Essential nutrients for plant growth: nutrient functions and deficiency symptoms. In: Silva, J.A., Uchida, R.S. (Eds.), Plant nutrient management in Hawaii soils. Manoa College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa 31-55.
United States Department of Agriculture. 2016. Corn Production by Country in 1000 MT. www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?commodity=corn &graph=production. Accessed on March 3, 2015.
White P, Karley A. 2010. Potassium. In Cell Biology of Metals and Nutrients, R.D. Hell and R.-R. Mendel, Eds (Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: Springer), pp. 199-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10613-2_9
Yilmaz S. 2008. Effects of Increased Phosphorus Rates and Plant Densities on Yield and Yield-Related Traits of Narbon Vetch Lines. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 32, 49-56.
Zafar M, Abbasi MK, Rahim N, Khaliq A, Shaheen A, Jamil M, Shahid M. 2011. Influence of integrated phosphorus supply and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on growth, nodulation, yield and nutrient uptake in Phaseolus vulgaris. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(74), 16793-16807. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.1395
Daniel Nyoki, Patrick A. Ndakidemi (2017), Growth response of maize (Zea mays) intercropped with Rhizobium inoculated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and P and K fertilization; JBES, V11, N1, July, P216-224
https://innspub.net/growth-response-of-maize-zea-mays-intercropped-with-rhizobium-inoculated-soybean-glycine-max-l-merr-and-p-and-k-fertilization/
Copyright © 2017
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0