Habitat study of Chukar partridge (Alectorus chukar) in district Malakand: A case study of town Thana, Pakistan

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/10/2017
Views (890)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Habitat study of Chukar partridge (Alectorus chukar) in district Malakand: A case study of town Thana, Pakistan

Bilal Ahmad, Ghulam Nabi, Muhammad Hayat, Juma Muhammad
J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 11(4), 11-17, October 2017.
Copyright Statement: Copyright 2017; The Author(s).
License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Abstract

The present study described the status, habitat, ecology and causes of decreasing population of Chukar partridge (Alectoris Chukar) in town Thana of district Malakand. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire survey and visits to the study areas in the morning and late afternoon along with the three helpers to study its habitat and their different activities in the study areas. Secondary data was collected from the literature. The areas such as Dabber Tangy (Chrhat), Obukhwarh and Top dara were selected as a sampling points for data collection. Many flocks were observed during the study in which the average numbers in each flock were about 10-12. The majority of the respondents 22(55%) replied that Chukar is present in abundance at Top dara, especially in rocky and shrubby vegetation 24(60%).  Similarly, 28(70%) respondent agreed its population decline due to habitat destruction and 20(60%) answered that Jackal is its main ecological predator. Majority of the respondents 23(57.5%) replied that there is illegal hunting of Chukar and 34(85%) were in favor of controlling illegal hunting and trapping of Chukar while 40(100%) replied that hunting can be legalized through legal license and permits. Chukar mostly feeds on wild seed and grain. There is an urgent need to conserve Chukar by improving their habitat in the study area, avoid illegal hunting and facilitate the wildlife department for monitoring of the area, give incentives to the community of the area and regulate hunting.

Ali S, Ripley SD. 2001. Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan, 2nd ed.   Volume 2.Oxford University Press: New Delhi.

Baker ECS. 1922. The game birds of India, Burma and Ceylon, part 31. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 28(2), 306–312.

Biddulph J. 1881. The birds of Gilgit. Stray Feathers 9(5–6), 301–366.

Calnek BW, Barnes HJ, Beard CW, Reid WM, Yoder Jr HW. 1991. Diseases of Poultry. 9thed. In: Mycoplasmosis (pp: 196-200). Iowa, Iowa State University Press: Ames, USA.

Cetin O, Kirikci K. 2000. Alternatif Kanatlı Yetistiriciligi, Sülün-Keklik, Konya.

Christensen GC. 1954. The Chukar partridge in Nevada. Nevada Fish and Game Commission. Report Biological Bulletin 1, 329-341.

Christensen GC. 1970. The Chukar Partridge. Biological Bulletin No. 4. Nevada Department of Wildlife.

Christensen GC. 1996. Chukar (Alectorus Chukar). In The Birds of North America, No. 258 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and the American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D C: USA.

Cole FR, Loope LL, Medeiros AC, Raikes JA, Wood CS. 1995. Conservation implications of introduced game birds in high elevation Hawaiian shrubland. Conservation Biology 9, 306-313.

Duarte J, Vargas JM. 2004. Field inbreeding of released farm-reared Red-legged Partridges (Alectorisrufa) with wild ones. Game and Wildlife Science 21, 55–61.

Finn, Frank. 1915. Indian Sporting Birds. Francis Edwards, London. 236–237 P.

Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. 2008. Unpublished Office Records on Wildlife Legislation and Management. Kyber Paktun Khawan Wildlife Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar.

Johnsgard PA. 1973. Grouse and Quails of North America. University of Nebraska: Lincoln. pp. 489–501.

Lateef M, Rauf U, Sajid MA. 2006. Outbreak of respiratory syndrome in Chukar Partridge (Alectorus Chukar) . Journal of Animal and Plant Science 16(1–2), 31-33.

Lindbloom AJ. 1998. Habitat use, reproduction, movements, and survival of Chukar partridge in west-central Idaho. Thesis. University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.

Lindbloom AJ, Reese KP, Zager P. 2003. Nesting and brood-rearing characteristics of Chukars in West central Idaho. Western North American Naturalist, 63(4), 429-39.

Oates EW. 1898. A manual of the Game birds of India. Part 1. Combridge A J: Bombay. 179–183 P.

Petrak ML. 1982. Diseases of Cage and Aviary Birds. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger: USA.

Rasmussen PC, Anderton JC. 2005. Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx: p. 120.

Roberts TJ. 1991. The birds of Pakistan. In 2 Volumes. Regional Studies and Non-passeriformes. Oxford University Press.

Robbins GE. 1998. Partridges & francolins, their conservation, breeding and management. World Pheasant Association.

Rosskopf WJW, Richard W. 1996. Diseases of Cage and Aviary Birds. (No. Sirsi) i9780683073829).

Ticehurst CB. 1927. The Birds of British Baluchistan. Part 3. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 32(1), 64–97.

Turan N. 1990. Türkiye’nin Av ve Yaban   Hayvanlarý: Kuslar, Orman Gen. Müd. Egitim Dairesi Baskanlýgý Yayýnlarý, Ankara.

Williams GR. 1950. Chukar in New Zealand. New Zealand Science Review. Wllington NZ: New Zealand.

Whistler H, Kinnear NB 1949. Popular Handbook of Indian Birds, ed 4.Gurney and Jackson: London. 428–430.

Woodard A, Vohra P, Denton V. 1993. Commercial and ornamental game bird breeder’s handbook. Hancock House Publishers, Blaine: WA 98231, USA

Related Articles

Land use conflicts: An impediment to improved agrifood value chain management as perceived by crop farmers in southeast Nigeria

J. U. Chikaire, C. C. Ejiogu, H. I. Duruanyim, T. O. Ogbuji, S. I. Ogbaa, A. O. Kalu, J. I. Ukpabi, A. Rufai, L. C. Izunobi, J. U. Okwudili, C. I. Anah, E. U. Omeire, I. O. Okeoma, J. Nnametu, U. G. Chris-Ejiogu, I. E. Edom, C. N. Atoma, U. S. Awhareno, E. C. Mube-Williams, S. O. Adejoh, A. D. Ude, J. O. Oparaojiaku, C. O. Osuagwu, E. E. Ihem, B. N. Aririguzo, E. C. C. Amaechi, M. N. Osuji, C. A. Acholonu, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(1), 102-113, January 2026.

Farmland and geospatial resource survey for food security promotion among farm families in Imo state, Nigeria

J. U. Chikaire, C. C. Ejiogu, M. N. Osuji, C. A. Acholonu, I. E. Edom, U. S. Awhareno, E. C. Mube-Williams, C. N. Atoma, S. O. Adejoh, H. I. Duruanyim, T. O. Ogbuji, S. I. Ogbaa, A. O. Kalu, J. I. Ukpabi, A. Rufai, L. C. Izunobi, J. U. Okwudili, E. U. Omeire, I. O. Okeoma, J. Nnametu, A. D. Ude, C. I. Anah, J. O. Oparaojiaku, C. O. Osuagwu, E. E. Ihem, B. N. Aririguzo, E. C. C. Amaechi, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(1), 78-95, January 2026.

Phytochemical composition, miticidal and pediculicidal efficacy of ethanolic leaf extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) against Pterolichus obtusus and Goniodes dissimilis

Roel T. Calagui*, Sherwin L. Alota, Jhaysel G. Rumbaoa, Glydel Joy T. Ragutero, Kyrone D. Ancheta, Lovely Grace V. Jacinto, Kjelle Cristlea P. Cabang, Bryan Jerome R. Bassig, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(1), 68-77, January 2026.

Mangroves under pressure: Local threats and management realities in Malamawi Island, Basilan, Philippines

Norvie Semine*, Jill Ruby Parmisana, Ashikeen Tampipi, Chris Rey Lituanas, Wella Tatil, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(1), 56-67, January 2026.

Institutional e-waste management: A knowledge, attitude, and perception study among the administrative staff at Mindanao State University, Iligan Institute of Technology, Philippines

Rezanne Mabyl Burlado*, Rodolfo II Romarate, Peter Suson, Wella Tatil, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(1), 40-55, January 2026.

Biomass and carbon stocks of fine litterfall and coarse woody debris in riparian and non-riparian tropical forests of Carmen, Bohol, Philippines

Carl Anthony G. Budiongan, Jairyl B. Oclarit*, Noel T. Lomosbog, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(1), 24-39, January 2026.

Microhabitat and seasonal influences on terrestrial mollusc communities in a reforested secondary forest, south-eastern Côte d’Ivoire

Amani N’dri Saint-Clair*, Pokou Konan Pacome, N'dri Kouassi Jerome, Otchoumou Atcho, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(1), 12-23, January 2026.