home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Histological profile of jejunum and liver of mallard duck fed with madre de agua (Trichanthera gigantea) leaf meal

Paper Details

Research Paper 08/08/2024
Views (164) Download (82)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Histological profile of jejunum and liver of mallard duck fed with madre de agua (Trichanthera gigantea) leaf meal

Mark Joker L. Marcos, Justine G. Sumalbag, Jojo D. Cauilan
Int. J. Biosci.25( 2), 249-258, August 2024.
Certificate: IJB 2024 [Generate Certificate]
Key: Growth-performanceHistologyJejunumLiverMadre de AguaMallard duck

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the morphology of jejunum and liver of improve Philippine mallard duck fed with madre de agua (Trichanthera gigantea) leaf meal within 14 weeks of feeding trial. A total of 225-day-old ducklings were assigned at dietary levels of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12%. Mallard ducks were fed following the recommended feeding guide for mallard ducks and provided water ad libitum throughout the experiment. Jejunal segment of the small intestine and liver were collected using a scalpel blade by making a 2-cm thickness transverse cut and near of its margin, respectively. Samples collected were fixed and stored in 10% formalin solution for over 24 hours and 5-micron thick hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections were prepared following paraffin embedding and histological processing. Data on growth performance and histological evaluation were recorded. Data gathered were subjected to analysis of variance of Completely Randomized Design. Based on the results of the study, the inclusion of madre de agua leaf meal on the intestinal villi of mallard ducks did not affect significantly in terms surface area of villi, however, significant differences in the crypt depth were observed. The results are in congruence to final body weight, gain in weight and FCR. On the other hand, the microscopic evaluation of the liver of improved Philippine mallard ducks had no observed pathological changes which shows that the madre de agua have no toxic component that can cause damage to the liver with prolonged feeding. The use of madre de agua leaf meal is safe as feed ingredient, hence recommended. The leaf meal can be included in the improved Philippine mallard ducks’ diet without any detrimental effects on their health performance. However, further research is needed to include the use of commercial duck feeds to compare and to obtain a more conclusive result.

VIEWS 176
Cover PDF

Adeyemi OA, Adekoya JA, Sobayo RA. 2012. Performance of broiler chicken fed diets containing cassava leaf-blood meal mix as replacement for soybean meal. Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola 12(1), 212-219.

Ampode KM, Espina DM. 2019. Effects of Varying Levels of Fermented Ipomea aquatica Juice Supplementation on Early Laying performance Egg Quality Traits of Japanese Quails. International Journal of Research and Review 6(11), 564-569. http://dx.doi.org/inrein.com/10.4444/ijrr.1002/1526

Ampode KM, Galgo SJ, Lapurga IG. 2020. Pinto peanut meal: Its potential as dietary supplement for Philippine Mallard Ducks. International Journal of Biosciences 16(5), 319-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/16.5.319-326.

Baurhoo B, Ferket PR, Zhao X. 2009. Effects of diets containing different concentrations of mannan oligosaccharide or antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal development, cecal and litter microbial populations, and carcass parameters of broilers. Poultry Science 88, 2262-2272.

Bejar FR. 2017. Madre de Agua (Trichanthera gigantea) Leaf Meal as Feed to Quails with Aloe Vera Extract and Acid Cheese Whey Supplementation. 5, 207.

Brickett KE, Dahiya JP, Classen HL, Gomis S. 2007. Influence of dietary nutrient density, feed form, and lighting on growth and meat yield of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 86, 2172–2181.

Calatá-Gregori P, Mallet S, Travel A, Orengo J, Lessire M. 2008. Efficiency of a prebiotic and a plant extract alone or in combination on broiler performance and intestinal physiology. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 88, 623-629.

Choct M. 2009. Managing gut health through nutrition. British Poultry Science 50, 9-15.

Cross D, McDevitt R, Hillman K, Acamovic T. 2007. The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. British Poultry Science 48, 496–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660701463221.

Dagaas C, Chang C. 2004. The Philippine Duck Industry: Issues and Research Needs.

Dibner JJ, Richards JD. 2005. Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: history and mode of action. Poultry Science 84, 634-643.

Esonu BD, Iheukwumere FC, Iwuji TC, Akanu N, Ngugo OH. 2013. Evaluation of Microdesmis puberula leaf meal as feed ingredient in broiler starter diets. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 30, 3-8. https://doi.org/10.4314/njap.v30i1.3306.

Garcia DE, Medina MG, Clavero T, Humbria J, Baldizan A, Dominguez C. 2008. Goats’ preference of fodder tree in the Venezuelan Andes low zone. Revista Científica, FCV-LUZ 18(5), 549-555.

Hamedi S, Rezaian M, Shomali T. 2011. Histological changes of small intestinal mucosa of cocks due to sunflower meal single feeding. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 6, 171–175.

Hashemi SR, Davoodi H. 2010. Phytogenics as new class of feed additive in poultry industry. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9, 2295-2304.

Hoerr FJ. 2001. Intestinal integrity and the impact of losing it. Elanco Poultry Health Conference, Atlanta, January 21st.

Kacaniova M, Rovna K, Arpasova H, Cubon J, Hleba L, Pochop J, Kunova S, Hascik P. 2012. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of propolis on the microbiota from gastrointestinal tract of chickens. Journal of Environmental Science and Health A 47, 1665–1671.

Khaleel IM, Al-Khazraji KI, Al-Aameli MH. 2017. A comparative study in some morphological and histological features of the liver in gull (Larus canus) and mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 5(7), 307-311.

Lacayanga C. 2015. Effects of different levels of madre de agua, lead tree and horseradish fresh leaf as partial replacement of feeds on egg production performance of mallard duck. International Journal of Science and Basic Applied Research 24(3), 71-85.

Lee K-W, Everts H, Kappert H, Beynen A. 2003. Addition of β-ionone to the diet fails to affect growth performance in female broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 106, 219–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00002-6.

Libatique FO. 2021. Growth performance, blood dynamics and sensory characteristics of broilers fed with madre de agua (Trichantera gigantea) leaf meal. LINKER: The Journal of Emerging Research in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry 2(1), 1-12.

Mateos GG, Lázaro R, Gracia MI. 2002. The feasibility of using nutritional modifications to replace drugs in poultry feeds. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 11, 437-452.

Morbos CE, Espina DM, Bestil LC. 2016. Growth performance of Philippine native chicken fed diet supplemented with varying levels of madre de agua (Trichantera gigantea Nees) leaf meal. Annals of Tropical Research 38(1), 174-182.

Nworwu FC, Fapohunda JB. 2002. Performance of broiler chicks fed mimosa (Mimosa invisa) leaf meal supplements. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), Federal University of Technology Akure, March 17th – 21st, 2002, pp. 128–131.

Nworwu FC, Oduola OA, Alikwe PC, Ojo SJ. 2012. Effect of basil (Ocimum gratissimum) leaf supplement on initiation of egg laying and egg quality parameters of growing pullets. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 10, 337-342.

Odokuma EI, Omokaro EI. 2015. Comparative histologic anatomy of vertebrate liver. Annals of Bioanthropology 3, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.160728.

Omar AE, Al-Khalaifah HS, Mohamed WAM, Gharib HS, Osman A, Al-Gabri NA, Amer SA. 2020. Effects of phenolic-rich onion (Allium cepa L.) extract on the growth performance, behavior, intestinal histology, amino acid digestibility, antioxidant activity, and the immune status of broiler chickens. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7, 582612. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.582612.

Parsaie S, Shariatmadari F, Zamiri M, Khajeh K. 2007. Influence of wheat-based diets supplemented with xylanase, bile acid and antibiotics on performance, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers compared with a maize-based diet. British Poultry Science 48, 594-600.

Pym RAE. 1990. Nutritional Genetics. In: Crawford R. D., editor. Poultry Breeding and Genetics. New York, NY: Elsevier Publishing Co.; pp. 847–876.

Rosales M. 1997. Trichanthera gigantea (Humboldt & Bonpland.) Nees: A review. Livestock Research for Rural Development 9(4).

Saeid JM, Mohomaed AB, AL-Baddy MA. 2013. Effect of adding garlic powder (Allium sativum) and black seed (Nigella sativa) in feed on broiler growth performance and intestinal wall structure. Journal of Natural Sciences Research 3, 35-41.

Saez L, Zuviae T, Amthauer R, Rodriguez E, Krauskopf M. 2012. Fish liver protein synthesis during cold acclimatization: Seasonal changes of the ultrastructure of the carp hepatocyte. Journal of Experimental Zoology 230, 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402300203.

Samadi LF. 2006. Estimation of nitrogen maintenance requirements and potential for nitrogen deposition in fast-growing chickens depending on age and sex. Poultry Science 85, 1421-1429.

Sarria P, Preston TR. 1995. A chick assay method for the evaluation of nonconventional protein sources derived from nacedero (Trichanthera gigantea) and azolla (Azolla filiculoides). Livestock Research for Rural Development 7(3), 6.

Scott TA. 2002. Evaluation of lighting programs, diet density, and short-term use of mash as compared to crumbled starter to reduce incidence of sudden death syndrome in broiler chicks to 35 days of age. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 82, 375–383.

Sterling KG, Vedenov DV, Pesti GM, Bakalli RI. 2005. Economically optimal crude protein and lysine levels for starting broiler chicks. Poultry Science 84, 29–36.

Tesfaye E, Animut G, Urge M, Dessie T. 2013. Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal as a Substitute for Protein-rich Feed Ingredient in Broiler Ration. International Journal of Poultry Science 12, 289-297. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2013.289.297.

Vergara-Jimenez M, Almatrafi MM, Fernandez ML. 2017. The effect of bioactive components of Moringa oleifera leaf in protecting poultry against chronic disease. Antioxidants 6(91). https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox6040091.

WAC. 2006. World Agroforestry Centre. Spreading the word about leaf meal. Spore 125, 6.

Xu Z, Hu C, Xia M, Zhan X, Wang M. 2013. Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers. Poultry Science 82, 1030-1036.

Submit Manuscript