Identification of the species of genus Zootecus on the basis of morphology
Paper Details
Identification of the species of genus Zootecus on the basis of morphology
Abstract
This is an outline study to get the basic information of snails that belong to Zootecus genus found in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Zootecus genus is widely spread all over the world including Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Africa and in Arabian countries. This was the first systematic study carried out on Zootecus genus in Pakistan. Total 100 specimen were collected from different areas of Faisalabad. The identification of the specimens was made on the basis of morphological characters. Identification of the specimen was done by using identification keys and diagrammatic description provided in them. A total of three species were identified that belong to genus Zootecus and Subulinidae family.
Abbot TR. 1989. Compendium of land snails. American Malacologists, Inc., Melbourne, Florida, USA 1-240.
Al-Khayat. 2008. First record of five terrestrial snails in the state of Qatar. Turk J Zool 539-545.
Arbogast BS, Edwards SV, Wakeley J, Beerli P, Slowinski JB. 2002. Estimating divergence times from molecular data on phylogenetic and population genetic timescales. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 707-740 p.
Cowie RH. 1998a. Patterns of introduction of non-indigenous nonmarine snails and slugs in the Hawaiian Islands. Biodiversity and Conservation 7, 349-368.
Cowie RH. 1998b. The Homogenization of Pacific Island snails. World Conservation 18:4/97-1/98. IUCN – The World Conservation Union. Switzerland.
Cowie RH. 2000. Non-indigenous land and freshwater molluscs in the islands of the Pacific: conservation impacts and threats. In: Invasive Species in the Pacific: A Technical Review and Regional Strategy (Ed. G. Sherley), South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia pp. 143-172.
Cuvier G. 1795. Description de deux espèces nouvelles d’insectes. – Magasin Encyclopédique, ou Journal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts 1, 205-207, Pl. II [= 2]. Paris.
Edwards S, Beerli P. 2000. Perspective: gene divergence, population divergence, and the variance in coalescence time in phylogeographic studies Evolution 54, 1839-1854.
Ehrenberg CG. 1831. Symbolae physicae. Animalia Evertebrata exclusis insectis. Series prima cum tabularum decade prima pp. [1-135]. Berolini. (Mittler).
Hapman AD. 2009. “Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World”. 2nd edition. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.
Kay EA. (Ed.) 1995. The Conservation Biology of Molluscs. IUCN, Gland.
Mackie GL. 1998. Applied Aquatic Ecosystem Concepts. University of Guelph Custom Course pack, 12 chapters.
Maddison WP, Knowles LL. 2006. Inferring phylogeny despite incomplete lineage sorting. Systematic Biology 55, 21-30.
Magurran AE. 2004. Measuring Biological Diversity. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
Malhotra YR, Sharma KK, Thakial MR. 1996. Ecology of macroinvertebrates from a fish pond. Pro. Nat. Acad. Sci. India 66, 53-59.
McKinney ML, Lockwood JL. 1999. Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14, 450-453.
Neubert E. 1995. Two species of land snails in Saudi Arabia. Malacological Review 28, 125-126.
Neubert E. 1998. Annotated checklist of the terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of the Arabian Peninsula with descriptions of new species. Fauna of Arabia 17, 333-461.
Neubert E. 2002. The continental malacofauna of Arabia and adjacent areas. 1. Terrestrial molluscs of Samha and Darsa Islands (AlIkhwan), Socotra Archipelago, Yemen. Fauna of Arabia 19, 245-259.
Pfeiffer L. 1853. Monographia heliceorum viventium. Sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium huius familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum. Volumen tertium. pp. I-VIII [= 1-8], 1-711. Lipsiae. (Brockhaus).
Rahel FJ. 2002. Homogenization of freshwater faunas. Annual Reviews in Ecology and Systematics 33, 291-315.
Robinson DG. 1999. Alien invasions: the effects of the global economy on non-marine gastropod introductions into the United States. Malacologia 41, 413-438.
Thomaz D, Guiller A, Clarke B. 1996. Extreme divergence of mitochondrial DNA within species of pulmonate land snails. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 263, 363-368.
Westerlund CA. 1887. Fauna der in der paläarctischen Region (Europa, Kaukasien, Sibirien, Turan, Persien, Kurdistan, Armenien, Mesopotamien, Kleinasien, Syrien, Arabien, Egypten, Tripolis, Tunesien, Algerien und Marocco) lebenden Binnenconchylien. III. Gen. Buliminus, Sesteria, Pupa, Stenogyra & Cionella. – pp. 1-183, 1-15, 1-26. Lund. (Håkan Ohlsson).
Wiens JJ, Penkrot TA. 2002. Delimiting species using DNA and morphological variation and discordant species limits in spiny lizards (Sceloporus). Systematic Biology 51, 69–91.
Safi Ur Rehman Qamar, Arfa Saif, Javaria Altaf, 2017. Identification of the species of genus Zootecus on the basis of morphology. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 11(3), 122-127.
Copyright © 2017 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.