Impact of different rates of NP fertilizers and irrigation on yield components of maize (Zea mays L.), NH4-N and NO3-N losses at various soil depths
Paper Details
Impact of different rates of NP fertilizers and irrigation on yield components of maize (Zea mays L.), NH4-N and NO3-N losses at various soil depths
Abstract
The present experiment was carried out at New Developmental farm, of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar to study the effect of different rates of nitrogen, phosphorus fertilizers and irrigation on total N, NH4-N and NO3-N at various soil depths in maize crop (Zea mays L). The experimental design was randomize complete block design with split plot arrangement.Irrigation with two levels (Irrigation at the same day, Irrigation after 5 days) was kept in main plot whereas different fertilization treatments N (50, 100, 150 kg ha-1) and P (0, 60, 90 kg ha-1) were arranged in subplot.The results showed that the treatments combinations (N @ 150 kg ha-1 and P @ 90 kg ha-1) N3P3, (irrigation at the same day and N @ 150 kg ha-1) I1N3, and (irrigation at the same day and P @ 90 kg ha-1) I1P3 yielded maximum grain yield and biological yield. It was observed that among soil chemical properties total mineral nitrogen N, NH4-N and NO3-N concentration at upper soil surface, sub soil surface and at the depth (0-15cm) maximum values were recorded highest at treatments combinations N3P3(N @ 150 kg ha-1 and P @ 90 kg ha-1), I1N3(irrigation at the same day and N @ 150 kg ha-1) and I1P3(irrigation at the same day and P @ 90 kg ha-1) while the maximum losses were also recorded in the same treatment combinations. It was apparent from the present study that distribution of urea in the rooting zone has the potential to enhance N use efficiency and minimize N losses via ammonia volatilization. Moreover irrigation after application of Urea and Single superphosphate (SSP) is recommended which can cause these fertilizers to diffuse from upper surface to sub surface and can be easily uptake by plants consequently maximum yield components can be obtained.
Abdel Malik, Negm SH, Bachata MA. 1976. Corn yield as affected by NPK fertilization calcareous soil. Agriculture research revision 52, 57-61.
Abid H, Ghulam A, Ashfaq A, Sayed AW. 2005. Water use efficiency of maize of affected by irrigation schedules and nitrogen rates. Journal of Agriculture, Sciences 4, 339-342.
Amanullah Zakirullah M, Khalil SK. 2010b. Timing and rate of P application influence maize phenology, yield and profitability in Northwest Pakistan. International Journal of Plant production 4, 281-292.
Ahmad I. 1989. The effect of phosphorus application in different proportions with nitrogen on the growth and yield of maize. M.Sc(Hons), Agriculture thesis, department of agronomy university of agriculture faisablabad, Pakistan.
Ayub M, Nadeem MA, ShararMS, Mahmood N. 2002. Response of maize (Zea mays L.) fodder to different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 1, 352-354.
Buresh RJ, Sanchez PA, Calhoun F. 1997. Replenishing soil fertility in Africa. SSSA Spec. Publ. 51. SSSA and ASA, Madison, WI.
Chandrashekra CR, Harlapur SI, Muralikrishna S, Girijesh GK. 2000. Response of maize to organic manures with inorganic fertilizers. Karnataka. Journal of agriculture sciences 13, 144-146.
Chen ML, Jiang XL, ZoovBY, Zheri ZY. 1994. Mathematical models and best combination of high yield cultivation technique for rapeseed variety Zhenyouyoum. Acta Agrical Zhejiiangenesis 6, 22-26.
Dawar K, Zaman M, Rowarth JS, Blennerhassett J, Turnbull MH. 2011. Urease inhibitor reduces N losses and improves plant-bioavailability of urea applied in fine particle and granular forms under field conditions Agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment 144, 41-50.
Dobbie KE, Smith KA. 2003. Impact of different forms of N fertilizers on N2O emission from intensive grassland. Nutrient cycle of agrosystem 67, 37-46.
Gill MPS, Dhillon NS, Dev G. 1995. Phosphorous requirement of pearl millet and sorghum fodder as affected by native fertility of arid brown soil. Indian Journal of Agriculture Research 29, 83–8.
Gheysari M, Mirlatifi SM, Bannayan M, Homaee M, Hoogenboom G. 2009. Interaction of water and nitrogen on maize grown for silage. Agriculture water management 96(5), 809-821.
Gioacchini P, Nastri A, Marzadori C, Giovannini C, Antisari LV, Gessa C. 2002. Influence of urease and nitrification inhibitors on N losses from soils fertilized with urea. Biology fertility soil 36, 129-135.
Hammad HM, Ahmad A, Abbas F, Wajid F. 2012. Optimizing water and nitrogen use for maize production under semiarid conditions. Turkish Journal of agriculture. 36, 519-532.
Hanif M. 1990. Growth and yield of maize genotypes as influenced by NPK application. M.Sc. (Hons) Agronomy Thesis, Department of Agronmy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad.
Hajabbasi MA, Schumacher TE. 1994. Phosphorus effect on root growth and development in two maize genotypes. Plant and soil 158, 39–46.
Hojito M, Hayashi K, Matsuura S. 2010. Ammonia exchange on grasslands in an intensive dairying region in central Japa. Jpn. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition 56, 503-511.
Ibrikci H, Ryan J, Ulger AC, Buyuk G, Cakir B, Korkmaz K, Karnez E, Ozgenturk G, Konuskan O. 2005. Maintenance of P fertilizer and residual P effect on corn production. Nigerian Journal of Soil Science 2, 279-286.
Kaya C, Higgs D, Kimak H. 2001. The effect of high salinity (NaCl) and supplementary phosphorous and potassium on physiology and nutrition development of spinach. Bulg. Journal of plant physiology 27, 47–59.
Khaliq T, Ahmad A, Hussain A, Ranjha AM, AliM A. 2008. Impact of nitrogen rates on growth, yield, and radiation use efficiency of maize under varying environments Pak. Journal of Agriculture Sciences 45, 1-7.
Khatun HA, Oh DH, Hasan MM, Sultana S, Khatun M, Rahman SME. 2012. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of maize. Biological and Biomedical Reports 2, 87-93.
Magboul E, Nour AM, Abdelrahman AM. 1999. Maize research program. Agricultural Research Corporation, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry,
Marschner H. 1986. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press Inc., San. Diego, USA 148-173 p.
Michael AM. 1981. Irrigation, theory and practice.Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, India, 901 p.
Mulvaney RL, Bremner JM. 1981. Control of urea transformation in soils. Soil Biochem 5, 153-196.
Nannipieri P, Ciardi C, Palazzi T, Badalucco L. 1990. Short-term nitrogen reactions following the addition of urea to a grass-legume association. Soil Biol. Biochem. 22, 549-553.
Nour AM, Lazin ME. 2000. Annual report, maize research program agricultural research corporation ministry of agriculture and forestry, Sudan.
Rashid A, Memon KS. 2001. Soil and fertilizer phosphorus. Soil Sci. B. Elenaand R. Bantel (Eds). National Book Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan. 300-302 p.
Rawluk CDL, Grant CA, Racz GJ. 2001. Ammonia volatilization from soils fertilized with urea and varying rates of urease inhibitor NBPT. Canadian Journal of Soil Sciences 81, 239-246.
Rochette P, Angers DA, Chantigny MH, MacDonald JD, Bissonnette Bertrand N. 2009. Ammonia volatilization following surface application of urea to tilled and non-tilled soils: a laboratory comparision. Soil Till. Res. 103, 310-315.
Rochette P, Angers DA, Chantigny MH, MacDonald JD, Bissonnette Bertrand N. 2009b. Ammonia volatilization following surface application of urea to tilled and non-tilled soils: a laboratory comparision. Soil Till. Res. 103, 310-315.
Sanz-Cobena A, Misselbrook TH, Arce A, Mingot JI, Diez JA, Vallejo A. 2008. An inhibitor of urease activity effectively reduces ammonia emissions from soil treated with urea under Mediterranean conditions. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 126, 243-249.
Singaram P, Kothandaraman GV. 1994. Studies on residual, direct and cumulative effect of phosphorus sources on the availability, content and uptake of phosphorus and yield of maize. Madras Agriculture research 81, 425-429.
Singh Dubey. 1991. Response of maize to the application of nitrogen and phosphorous. Current Research. University of Agricultural Science. In Fertilizer Abst. 540-543 p.
Sanz-Cobena A, Misselbrook T, Camp V, Vallejo A. 2011. Effect of water addition and the urease inhibitor NBPT on the abatement of ammonia emission from surface applied urea. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment 45, 1517-1524.
Sanz-Cobena A, Misselbrook TH, Arce A, Mingot JI, DiezJA Vallejo A. 2008. An inhibitor of urease activity effectively reduces ammonia emissions from soil treated with urea under Mediterranean conditions. Agriculture Ecosystem and Enviornment 126, 243-249.
Silver WL, Herman DJ, Firestone MK. 2001. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in upland tropical forest soils. Journal of Ecology 82, 2410-2416.
Watson CJ. 2000. Urease activity and inhibition: Principles and Practice. Proceeding, The International Fertilizer Society, York, UK. No. 454 p.
Watson CJ, Poland P, Allen MBD. 1998. The efficacy of repeated applications of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphorictriamide for improving the efficiency of urea fertilizer utilization on temperate grassland. Grass forages sciences 53, 137-145.
Whitehead DC, Raistrick N. 1993. The volatilization of ammonia from cattle urine applied to soils as influenced by soil properties. Plant Soil 148, 43-51.
Witte CP, Tiller SA, Taylor MA, Davies HV. 2002. Leaf urea metabolism in potato. Urease activity profile and patterns of recovery and distribution of 15N after foliar urea application in wild-type and urease-antisense transgenics. Plant Physiol. 128. 1129-1136.
Wojnowska T, Panak H, Seikiewiez S. 1995. Reaction of winter oilseed rape to increasing levels of nitrogen fertilizer application under condition of KetizynChernozem. RoslingOleiste 16, 173-180.
Zaman M, Zaman S, Adhinarayanan C, Nruyen ML, Nawaz S, Dawar KM. 2013. Effects of urease and nitrification inhibitors on the efficient use of urea pastoral systems. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 1-11 p.
Zaman M, Nguyen ML. 2012. How application timing of urease and nitrification inhibitors affect N losses from urine in pastoral system. Agriculture Enviornment and Ecosystem 156, 37-48.
Zaman M, Nguyen ML, Blennerhassett JD, Quin BF. 2008. Reducing NH3, N2O and NO3–-N losses from a pasture soil with urease or nitrification inhibitors and elemental S-amended nitrogenous fertilizers. Bio-fertilizer soil. 44, 693-705.
Zhengping WO, Van Cleemput Liantie L, Baert L. 1991. Effect of urease inhibitors on urea hydrolysis and ammonia volalitilization. Bio-fertilizer soil 11, 43-47.
Babar Hussain, Khadim Dawar, Aqleem Abbas, Sohail Ahmad, Izhar Shafi, Nasrullah, Waseem Ali, Murtaza Ali (2015), Impact of different rates of NP fertilizers and irrigation on yield components of maize (Zea mays L.), NH4-N and NO3-N losses at various soil depths; JBES, V6, N6, June, P225-239
https://innspub.net/impact-of-different-rates-of-np-fertilizers-and-irrigation-on-yield-components-of-maize-zea-mays-l-nh4-n-and-no3-n-losses-at-various-soil-depths/
Copyright © 2015
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0