In vitro analysis of toxic potential of systemic and contact insecticides on Phenacoccus solenopsis and its parasitoid Aenasius species
Paper Details
In vitro analysis of toxic potential of systemic and contact insecticides on Phenacoccus solenopsis and its parasitoid Aenasius species
Abstract
Cotton in Pakistan is sprayed heavily with different insecticide to have a control over pests. This experiment was conducted to check out the toxic potential of different systemic and contact insecticides on Phenacoccus solenopsis and its parasitoid Aenasius species. Nine doses in each twelve insecticides were evaluated under laboratory conditions against the living adults and immature of the Aenasius species. Insecticides were sprayed on adult’s population by distributing them in an appliance enclosed with pesticide residues while the immature were kept in petri plates and sprayed by insecticides. Overall three insecticides; buprofezin (25% WP), esfenvelerate (5% EW) and leufenuron(EC) were found safety to parasitoid adults; whereas, , chlorpyifos (40 EC), cypermethrin (5 EC), emamectin Benzoate (l.9EC), esfensælerate (EW), Imidacloprid (20% SL), leufenuron (5% EC), nitenpyam (10 SL), profenofos (500 EC), pyriproxyfen (10.8 EC) and thiacloprid (480 SC) were ranked as safety for stages of parasitoid inside the mummy cases of the host. Acetamiprid (50% WDG) caused several mortality to both adult and immature stages of the parasitoid. On the basis of these finding, it was concluded that buprofezin (25% WP), esfenvelerate (5% EW) and leufenuron(EC) were safe in the field according to recommended doses for both of the adult and stages of parasitoid. Thus the mealybug parasitoids (Aenasiu ssp.) can be nominated in IPM programs of cotton mealybug.
Arif MJ, Ghulam A. 2007. Suggestions for cotton mealybug management. The Nation Money Plus, . 17-18 P.
Cloyd Raymond A, Amy D. 2006. Effect of insecticides on Mealybug Destroyer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Parasitoid Leptomastix dactylopii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Natural Enemies of Citrus Mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Economic Entomol. 99, 1596-1604.
Roberto J, Cordero, Jeffrey, Bloomquist Thomas R, Kuhar P. 2007. Susceptibility of two diamond back moth parasitoid, Diadema insulare (Cresson) (Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae) and Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera; Eulophidae), to selected commercial insecticides. Biological Control 42, 48-54.
Danho M, Gasper C, Haubruge E. 2002.The impact of grain quantity on the biology of Sitophillus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): oviposition, distribution of eggs, adults emergence, body weight and sex ratio. Journal of Stored Products Research. 38,259-266.
Darriet F, Sebastien M, Manual E, Andre Y, Philip A, Marie-Michelle Y, Vincent C. 2010. Field evaluation of pyriproxyfen and spinosad mixture for the control of insecticide resistance Aedes aegypti in Martinique (French West Indies). Parasites and Vectors3,88.
Finney DJ.1971. Probit Analysis (3rd edition). Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600600940.
TakeshiI Tohru O,Toshitsugu N, Nobuhiro I, Hiroyuki E, Hisako H, Kimiko IR, ie T, Chuanyn W, Chikara M, Tomoko E, Shigeru I, KoS. 1997. Transpore on Tagging in Rice. Orysa: Molecule to plant. 35, 219-229
Kakakhel I. 2007. Mealybug attack affects cotton crop on 150,000 acres. News story. 54 p. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default
Khan RR, Ashfaq, Rana SA. 2005. Some studies on the toxicity of conventional and new chemistry insecticides against Braconhabitor (Hymenoptera braconidae) under laboratory conditions. Pakistan Entomologist 27,19-21.
Malik AK, Mansoor S, Saeed NA, Asad S, Zafar Y, Stanley J, Markham P. 1999. Development of CLCV resistance cotton varieties through genetic engineering. Mongr. Directorate Agric. Inform. Pb, Pakistan. 3p.
Mgocheki N, Addison P. 2009. Effect of contact insecticides on Vine Mealybug parasitoid, Anagyrus species near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccodoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).South African Journal of Enology and viticulture 30, 110-116.
Naqvi KM. 1976. Crop protection to boost up cotton production. Proc. Cotton. Prod. Seminar, Organized by ESSO Fert. Co. Ltd., Pakistan. 119-125 p.
Nagrare VS, Kranthi S, Biradar VK, Zade NN, Sangode V, Kakde G. 2009. Widespread infestation of the Exotic Mealybug species, Phenacoccus Solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Cotton in India. Bulletin of Entomological research 99, 537-541.
Paine TD, Hanlon CC, Byrne FJ. 2011. Potential risks of systemic imidacloprid to parasitoid natural enemies of a cerambycid attacking Eucalyptus. Biological Control 56, 176-178.
Prabhaker N, Nick C, Toscano. 2007. Toxicity of insect growth regulators, Buprofezin and pyriproxyfen to the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homoalodisca coagulate say (Homoptere: Cicadellidae). Crop Protection 26, 495-502.
Saeed S, Ahamd M, Kwon YJ. 2007. Insecticidal control of the mealybug, Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a new pest of cotton in Pak. Entomological Research. 37,76-80.
Muhammad Shakeel, Muhammad Riaz,Yong wang, 2018. In vitro analysis of toxic potential of systemic and contact insecticides on Phenacoccus solenopsis and its parasitoid Aenasius species. Int. J. Biosci., 12(4), 151-157.
Copyright © 2018 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.