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In-vitro antibacterial interaction of crude methanol extract of Zingiber officinale with a quinolone against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis

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Research Paper 01/02/2020
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In-vitro antibacterial interaction of crude methanol extract of Zingiber officinale with a quinolone against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis

Clement Oliseloke Anie, Michael Oghenejobo, Esther Imabong Edomokong, Ejemighaye, Tracy
Int. J. Biosci.16( 2), 31-39, February 2020.
Certificate: IJB 2020 [Generate Certificate]
Key: Bacillus subtilisCiprofloxacinStaphylococcus aureus Escherichia coliZingiber officinale

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the in-vitro antibacterial interaction of crude methanol extract of Zingiberofficinale with Ciprofloxacin, the remedial implications of the simultaneous use of Zingiberofficinale(herbal remedy) and Ciprofloxacin (conventional medicine). The plant material was obtained, peeled, dried, ground and then extracted using cold maceration method with 80% methanol. Phytochemical screening was conducted. Antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of Zingiberofficinale at various concentrations was done using the agar well diffusion method with Ciprofloxacin used as the positive control while Methanol was used as negative control. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Zingiber officinale and Ciprofloxacin were evaluated using Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as test organisms. Then the synergistic effect of the methanol extracts of Zingiberofficinale rhizome and Ciprofloxacin was also carried out. Phytochemical result revealed the presence of saponins, steroid, terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids. Antimicrobial evaluations showed zones of inhibition against the three test organisms (E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtili), ranging from 1mm to 7.5mm at the various concentrations for the methanol extract of Zingiberofficinale. The zone of inhibition of the positive control (Ciprofloxacin) was observed to be from 39.5 to 35mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/ml) was observed to be 800, 50 and 50 for E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus respectively for the methanol extracts of Zingiber officinale and 0.25, 0.5, 0.125 for S. aureus, E. coli, and B. subtilis respectively for Ciprofloxacin.The synergistic effect of the methanol extracts of Zingiber officinale and Ciprofloxacin was seen to have a higher zone of inhibition (26 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus, unlike Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, that showed antagonism when the extract and ciprofloxacin were combined. is study confirms that Zingiberofficinale possesses antimicrobial activity, and the combined effect of the interaction between Zingiberofficinale and Ciprofloxacin showed a synergistic activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

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