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Influence of Elevation on the Physical Characteristics and Cup Quality Attributes of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) in Sultan Kudarat, Philippines

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Research Paper 03/04/2025
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Influence of Elevation on the Physical Characteristics and Cup Quality Attributes of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) in Sultan Kudarat, Philippines

John Bernard L. Gallego, Junito P. Marcelino
Int. J. Biosci.26( 4), 13-39, April 2025.
Certificate: IJB 2025 [Generate Certificate]
Key: Coffea canephoraCup quality attributesElevationEnvironmental factorsPhysical characteristics

Abstract

Coffee is one of the most valued agricultural commodities worldwide, sustaining the livelihood of millions and serving as a cornerstone of many national economies. Yet, despite its global importance, there remains a noticeable gap in scientific research on how environmental factors particularly elevation shape coffee quality in specific regions like the Philippines, particularly Sultan Kudarat. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the physical characteristics and sensory attributes of Robusta coffee as influenced by elevation. A standardized grading system from the Specialty Coffee Association of America and the Coffee Quality Institute was employed. In this scholarly work, the study utilized purposive and convenient sampling methods, selecting 20 coffee farms, with five farms per elevation range. This research investigated various elevations (below 300 m ASL, 301-600 m ASL, 601-900 m ASL and above 900 m ASL) affect the physical defects of Robusta coffee beans. Result showed that common primary defects were frequently observed at 601-900 m ASL and <300 m ASL). Insect damage was notably higher at higher elevations. Secondary defects were prevalently observed at specific elevations. More so, various planting elevations do not influence the moisture content of the GCB. Moreover, elevation had no significant impact on key characteristics such as fragrance, flavor, aftertaste, acidity, sweetness, body, balance, and overall flavor (p>0.05). Despite slight variations, all coffee samples were rated as “very good” in terms of quality. The study suggests that while elevation plays a role in physical defects, factors like processing and environmental conditions are more influential in determining the sensory attributes of Robusta coffee in Sultan Kudarat, Philippines.

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