Integration of biochar and chemical fertilizer to enhance quality of soil and wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)
Paper Details
Integration of biochar and chemical fertilizer to enhance quality of soil and wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)
Abstract
A wide variety of soil amendments like manures, compost, humic acid and bio-sorbents have been used to make nutrients available to crops as well as to protect them from toxic elements. Among soil amendments, biochar has been known to improve soil health, soil nutrients’ availability to plants and ultimately the yield of crops. A field experiment was conducted by using biochar prepared from Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. wood by brick batch process. Two doses of biochar were applied to soil 0 and 12 t ha-1. Fertilizer rates used in the experiments were 25% recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF), 50% RDF, 75% RDF and 100% RDF alone and with biochar applied under two factorial randomized complete block design in natural field conditions (RDF of NPK fertilizer is 120-60-60 kg ha-1). Soil physico-chemical properties viz., bulk density, particle density, porosity, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil organic carbon, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen were measured from the soil samples collected from 0-30 cm depth. All these parameters varied significantly among the treatments. A combined treatment of biochar and 50% of the recommended dose of NPK was most effective for soil conditioning. Agronomic parameters were also measured by standard methods. Due to chelation of heavy metal ions and availability of nutrients to the soil, yield of the crop may significantly increase due to cumulative treatment of fertilizer and biochar but upto a certain limit.
Abdullah GH, Khan IA, Khan SA, Ali H. 2008. Impact of planting methods and herbicides on weed biomass and some agronomic traits of maize. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science and Research 14, 121-130.
Alameda D, Anten NPR, Villar R. 2011. Soil compaction effects on growth and root traits of tobacco depend on light, water regime and mechanical stress. Soil Tillage and Research 120, 121-129.
Analytical software. 2005. Statistix 8.1 for windows Tallahassee, Florida: Analytical Software.
Anderson CR, Condron LM, Clough TJ, Fiers M, Stewart A, Hill RA, Sherlock RR. 2011. Biochar induced soil microbial community change: Implications for biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Pedobiologia 54, 309-320.
Asai H, Samson BK, Stephan HM, Songyikhangsuthor K, Homma K, Kiyono Y, Inoue Y, Shiraiwa T, Horie T. 2009. Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos: 1. Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crops Research 111, 81-84.
ASTM. 2006. Petroleum Products, Lubricants, and Fossil Fuels: Gaseous Fuels; Coal and Coke. ASTM Inter, West Conshohocken, PA.
Atkinson CJ, Fitzgerald JD, Hipps NA. 2010. Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a review. Plant and Soil 33, 1-18.
Ayub M, Nadeem MA, Shara MS, Mahmood N. 2002. Response of maize (Zea mays L) fodder to different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Asian Journal of Plant Science 1, 352-354.
Balesdent J, Besnard E, Arrouays D, Chenu C. 1998. The dynamics of carbon in particle size fractions of soil in a forest−cultivation sequence. Plant and Soil 201, 49-57.
Balota EL, Colozzi A, Andrade DS, Dick RP. 2004. Long−term tillage and crop rotation effects on microbial biomass and C and N mineralization in a Brazilian Oxisol. Soil Tillage Research 77, 137−145.
Belay−Tedla A, Zhou X, Su B, Wan SQ, Luo YQ. 2009. Labile recalcitrant and microbial carbon and nitrogen pools of a tall grass prairie soil in the US Great Plains subjected to experimental warming and clipping. Soil Biology and Biochem 41, 110-116.
Blackwell P, Krull E, Butler G, Herbert A, Solaiman Z. 2010. Effect of banded biochar on dry land wheat production and fertilizer use in South−Western. Australian Journal of Soil Research 48, 531-545.
Blake GR, Hartage KH. 1986. Bulk density. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. A. Klute (Ed.) Agronomy Monograph No. 9, 2nd Ed., Madison, WI, USA 363-375.
Blake GR. 1965. Particle density: In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I, Agronomy, No. 9, C.A. Black (ed.), American Society of Agronomy Madison, Wise 371-373.
Brady NC, Weil RR. 2008. The Nature and Properties of Soils, 14th edition Pearson Prentice Hall.
Bronick C, Lal R. 2005. Soil structure and management: a review. Geoderma 124, 3–22.
Brookes PC, Landman A, Pruden G, Jenkinson DS. 1985. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17, 837−842.
Brown RC. 2009. Biochar production technology. Centre for sustainable environment Technical Department of Mechanical Engineering. M.S. Thesis, Iowa State University USA.
Brunn WE, Ambus P, Egsgaard H, Nielsen HH. 2012. Effects of slow and fast pyrolysis biochar on soil C and N turnover. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 46, 73-79.
Carter MR. 1999. Ninhydrin−reactive N released by the fumigation−extraction method as a measure of microbial biomass under field conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 23, 139-143.
Chan KY, Van Zwieten L, Meszaros I, Downie A, Joseph S. 2008. Using poultry litter biochars as soil amendments. Australian Journal of Soil Research 46, 437-444.
Chen KY, Van ZL, Meszaros I, Downie A, Joseph S. 2007. Agronomic values of green waste biochar as a soil amendment. Australian Journal of Soil Research 45, 629-634.
Cheng CH, Lehmann J, Thies JE, Burton SD, Engelhard MH. 2006. Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes. Organic Geochemistry 37, 1477-1488.
Deluca TH, MacKenzie MD, Gundale MJ. 2009. Biochar effects on soil nutrient transformations. In: Lehmann, J. and Joseph, S. (Eds), Biochar for Environmental Management. Earthscan, London 251-270.
FAO. 2007. Fertilization and Plant Nutrition Guide. Food and agricultural organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Galantini J, Rosell R. 2005. Long term fertilization effects on soil organic matter quality and dynamics under different production systems in semiarid pampean soils. Soil Tillage Research 87, 72-79.
Glaser B, Haumaier L, Guggenberger G, Zech W. 2001. The ‘Terra Preta’ phenomenon: a model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics. Naturwissenschaften 88, 37-41.
Glaser B, Lehmann J, Zech W. 2002. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal: A review. Biology and Fertility of Soils 35, 219-230.
Hao XH, Liu SL, Wu JS, Hu RG, Tong CL, Su YY. 2008. Effect of long-term application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments on soil organic matter and microbial biomass in three subtropical paddy soils. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 81, 17-24.
Haron K, Brookes PC, Anderson JM, Zakaria ZZ. 1997. Microbial biomass and soil organic matter dynamics in oil palm plantations, west Malaysia. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 30, 547-552.
Hussain N, Khan AZ, Akbar H, Akhtar S. 2006. Growth factors and yield of maize as influenced by phosphorus and potash fertilization. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 22, 579-583.
Jeffery S, Bezemer TM, Cornelissen G. 2013. The way forward in biochar research: targeting trade−offs between the potential wins. Glob Change BiologyBioenergy 98, 1011–1213.
Khaskheli MA. 2013. Sustainable agriculture and fertilizer practices in Pakistan. In Safdar Abbas (Ed.). Agri., Punjab.
Kumar S, Masto RE, Ram LC, Sarkar P, George J, Selvi VA. 2013. Biochar preparation from parthenium hysterophorus and its potential use in soil application. Ecological Engineering 55, 67-72.
Laird DA, Fleming F, Davis DD, Horton R, Wang BQ, Karlen DL. 2010. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma 158, 443-449.
Lal R. 2006. Enhancing crop yields in the developing countries through restoration of soil organic carbon pool in agricultural lands. Land Degradation and Development 17, 197-209.
Lehmann J, Joseph S. 2009. Biochar for environmental management: science and technology, Earthscan, London.
Liang B, Lehmann J, Solomon D, Kinyangi J, Grossman J, O’Neill B, Skjemstad JO, Thies J, Luizao FJ, Petersen J, Neves EG. 2006. Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Society of America Journal 70, 1719-1730.
Liu E, Yan C, Mei X, He W, Bing SH, Ding L, Liu S, Fan T. 2010. Longterm effect of chemical fertilizer, straw, and manure on soil chemical and biological properties in northwest China. Geoderma 158, 173-180.
Martinez LJ, Zinck JA. 2004. Temporal variation of soil compaction and deterioration of soil quality in pasture areas of Colombian Amazonia. Soil Tillage Research 75, 3-18.
Mckeague JA. 1978. Manual on soil sampling and methods of analysis. 2nd ed. Canadian Society of Soil Science, AAFC, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Mclean EO. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. In A.L. Page (ed.), Method of soil analysis, Part 2: chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy Madison, WI, USA. 199-224.
Nigussie A, Kissi E, Misganaw M, Ambaw G. 2012. Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of lettuces (Lactuca sativa) grown in chromium polluted soils. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Environmental Sciences 12, 369-376.
Novak JM, Busscher WJ, Laird DL, Ahmedna M, Watts DW, Niandou MAS. 2009. Impact of Biochar Amendment on Fertility of a Southeastern Coastal Plain Soil. Soil Sci 174, 105-112.
Oguntunde PG, Fosu M, Ajayi AE, Van De Giesen N. 2004. Effects of charcoal production on maize yield, chemical properties and texture of soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 39, 295-299.
Pakistan Economic Survey. 2015. Ministry of Finance, Agriculture and Livestock, Federal Bureau of Statistics, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Renner R. 2007. Rethinking biochar. Environmental Science and Technology 41, 5932-5933.
Rhoades JD. 1982. Cation exchange capacity. In A.L. Page (ed.). Methods of soil analysis, Agron. No. 9, Part 2: Chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy Madison, WI, USA, 149-157.
Richards LA. 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Agric. Handbook 60. Washington, DC.
Ryan J, Estefan G, Rashid A. 2001. Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory Manual. 2nd Ed. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). Alleppo, Syria. 46-48.
Shah Z, Ahmad RS, Rahman HU. 2010. Soil microbial biomass and activities as influenced by green manure legumes and N fertilizer in rice–wheat system. Pakistan Journal of Botany 42, 2589-2598.
Solaiman ZM, Blackwell P, Abbott LK, Storer P. 2010. Direct and residual effect of biochar application on mycorrhizal root colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat. Australian Journal of Soil Research 48, 546-554.
Spokas KA, Baker JM, Reicosky DC. 2010. Ethylene: potential key for biochar amendment impacts. Plantand Soil 333, 443-452.
Steiner C, Glaser B, Teixeira WG, Lehmann J, Blum WEH, Zech W. 2008. Nitrogen retention and plant uptake on a highly weathered central Amazonian Ferraisol amended with compost and charcoal. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171, 893-899.
Steiner C, Teixeira WG, Lehmann J, Nehls T, de-Macedo JLV, Blum WEH, Zech W. 2007. Long term effects of manure charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered central Amazonian upland soil. Plant and Soil 291, 275-290.
Strong DT, Sale PWG, Helyar KR. 1998. The influence of the soil matrix on nitrogen mineralisation and nitrification. The pore system as a framework for mapping the organisation of the soil matrix. Australian Journal of Soil Research 36, 855-872.
Taghizadeh-Toosi A, Clough TJ, Sherlock RR, Condron LM. 2012. Biochar adsorbed ammonia is bioavailable. Plant and Soil 350, 57-69.
Tejada M, Gonzales, JL. 2008. Influence of two organic amendments on the soil physical properties, soil loses, sediment and runoff water quality. Geoderma 145, 325-334.
Van Zwieten L, Chan KY, Meszaros I, Downie A, Joseph S. 2007. Agronomic values of green waste biochar as a soil amendment. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 45, 629-634.
Van Zwieten L, Singh B, Joseph S, Kimber S, Cowie A, Chan KY. 2009. Biochar and emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases from soil. Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. Earthscan, London 227-249.
Vance ED, Brookes PC, Jenkinson DS. 1987. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 19, 703-707.
Wardle DA, Nilsson MC, Zackrisson O. 2008. Fire−derived charcoal causes loss of forest humus. Science 320, 629-629.
Woolf D, Amonette J, Perrott FAS, Lehmann J, Joseph S. 2010. Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature Communications 1, 1-9.
Yamato M, Okimori Y, Wibowo IF, Anshori S, Ogawa M. 2006. Effects of the application of charred bark of Acacia mangium on the yield of maize, cowpea and peanut, and soil chemical properties in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 52, 489-495.
Yanai Y, Toyota K, Okazaki M. 2007. Effects of charcoal addition on N2O emissions from soil resulting from rewetting air-dried soil in short-term laboratory experiments. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 53,181-188.
Yin C, Xu KZ. 2009. Biochar: nutrient properties and their enhancement. In: Lehmann, J, Joseph S. (Eds.). Biochar for Environmental Management. Earthscan, USA.
Zimmerman AR, Gao B, Ahn MY. 2011. Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar−amended soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 4, 1169-1179.
Usman Khalid Chaudhry, Salman Shahzad, Muhammad Nadir Naqqash, Abdul Saboor, Muhammad Subtain Abbas, Faisal Saeed, Sana Yaqoob (2016), Integration of biochar and chemical fertilizer to enhance quality of soil and wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.); JBES, V9, N1, July, P348-358
https://innspub.net/integration-of-biochar-and-chemical-fertilizer-to-enhance-quality-of-soil-and-wheat-crop-triticum-aestivum-l/
Copyright © 2016
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0