Leaf epidermal anatomy of dominant aquatic plant species in Swat Valley, Pakistan
Paper Details
Leaf epidermal anatomy of dominant aquatic plant species in Swat Valley, Pakistan
Abstract
Total 21 species (15 genera and 12 botanical families) were studied for their foliar anatomy for the first in district Swat, Pakistan because the said plants have multiple diagnostic economic importance and foliar anatomical characters which play a key role in taxonomy. The use of light microscopy has possible in depth to study leaf surface features. Both qualitative (Shape and structure) and quantitative (number, length and width) of epidermis, trichomes and stomatal cells of both leaf surfaces were studied. Mostly the observed traits were similar at both leaf surfaces except few cases i.e stomata were not observed at any leaf surface in totally submerged plants (Hydrilla verticillata, Potamegeton crispus, P. natans, P. perfoliatus), the studied plants were mostly amphistomatic except plant species Sparganium erectum L. which was epistomatic and trichomes were observed in few aquatic plants species which were mostly amphitrichomic except plant species Nasturtium officinale which was hypetrichomic. Aims and objectives of the research project were to explore, document and conserve the aquatic flora of Swat valley and to analyze both quantitative and qualitative characters of their foliar epidermal anatomy.
Ahmad N, Younus M. 1979. Aquatic plants of Lahore [Pakistan].
Bhopal F, Chaudhri M. 1977. Flora of Pothohar and the adjoining areas: 2. Casuarinaceae to Polygonaceae. Pakistan Syst 1, 1-98.
Camenisch M, Cook C.D. 1996. Wiesneria triandra (Dalzell) Micheli (Alismataceae): a rare and unusual south Indian endemic. Aquatic botany 55, 115-131.
Chambers P, Lacoul P, Murphy, Thomaz K. 2008. Global diversity of aquatic macrophytes in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595, 9-26.
Cook C. 1990. Aquatic plant book Hague. SPB Academic Publishing.
Cook CD. 1996. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of India: A reference book and identification manual for the vascular plants found in permanent or seasonal fresh water in the subcontinent of India south of the Himalayas. Oxford: Oxford University Press 385p.-illus ISBN.
Cook CDK. 1985. Range extensions of aquatic vascular plant species. Journal of aquatic plant management.
Hamayun M. 2007. Traditional uses of some medicinal plants of Swat Valley, Pakistan. indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 4, 636-641.
Hutchinson GE. 1975. A treatise on limnology. Volume III. Limnological botany. Wiley.
Jacobs SW, Wilson KL. 1996. A biogeographical analysis of the freshwater plants of Australasia. Australian Systematic Botany 9, 169-183.
Jafri S.1966. The flora of Karachi. The Book Corporation, Karachi 312.
Jain SK, Rao RR. 1977. A handbook of field and herbarium methods. New Delhi: Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers xvi, 157p.-Illus.. General (KR, 197700062).
Jordan GJ. 2001. An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand. Australian Journal of Botany 49, 333-340.
Khan H. 1995. Working plan for protected forests of Bahrain Tehsil (Swat District), 1995–96 to 2009–10. Peshawar Pakistan: NWFP Forest Department.
Lawrence GH. 1951. Taxonomy of vascular plants. New york 9.
Leghari M, Leghari M, Shah M, Arbani S. 2004. Comparative ecological study of algal genera and useful aquatic weeds of various localities of Pakistan. Pak. J. Water Resources 8, 17-28.
Leghari S, Jafri S, Mahar, M Lashari, K Ali, S Khuwahar, M Jahangir T. 1999. Bio diversity of Chotiari Reservoir, District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. Proc. of the seminar on aquatic biodiversity of Pakistan pp. 139-157.
Lembi CA. 2000. Aquatic plant management. Purdue University Extension Publication No. WS-21.
Les DH. 1988. Breeding systems, population structure, and evolution in hydrophilous angiosperms. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 819-835.
Moss C, Warming E, Vahl M, Groom P, Balfour IB. 1909. Œcology of Plants: an Introduction to the Study of Plant-communities JSTOR.
Muenscher WC. 1944. Aquatic plants of the United States. Aquatic plants of the United States.
Oyedeji A, Abowei J. 2012. The classification, distribution, control and economic importance of aquatic plants. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1, 118-128.
Philbrick CT, Les DH. 1996. Evolution of Aquatic Angiosperm Reproductive Systems What is the balance between sexual and asexual reproduction in aquatic angiosperms? Bioscience 46, 813-826.
Reid GK. 1961. Ecology of inland waters and estuaries.
Sculthorpe CD. 1967. Biology of aquatic vascular plants.
Stuckey RL. 1993. Phytogeographical outline of aquatic and wetland angiosperms in continental eastern North America. Aquatic Botany 44, 259-301.
Tiffney BH. 1981. Fruits and seeds of the Brandon lignite, VI. Microdiptera (Lythraceae). Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 62, 487-516.
Tiner RW. 1991. The concept of a hydrophyte for wetland identification. Bioscience 41, 236-247.
Weaver J, Clements F. 1938. Plant ecology. 601 pp. McGraw-HillBook Co., New York. Weaver 601 Plant ecology1938.
Adnan, Sabtain Adil, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Muhammad Ajmal Khan, Farah Amir, Azad Wali, Ajmal Iqbal (2017), Leaf epidermal anatomy of dominant aquatic plant species in Swat Valley, Pakistan; JBES, V11, N4, October, P201-208
https://innspub.net/leaf-epidermal-anatomy-of-dominant-aquatic-plant-species-in-swat-valley-pakistan/
Copyright © 2017
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0