home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Maize (Zea mays L.) crop response to phosphorus fertilization on fluvisols in Northern Ethiopia

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/05/2013
Views (418) Download (18)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Maize (Zea mays L.) crop response to phosphorus fertilization on fluvisols in Northern Ethiopia

Fisseha Hadgu, Heluf Gebrekidan, Kibebew Kibret, BirruYitaferu
J. Bio. Env. Sci.3( 5), 54-67, May 2013.
Certificate: JBES 2013 [Generate Certificate]
Key: EfficiencyMaizephosphorusUptakeYield

Abstract

A field experiment involving different P fertilizer rates (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg P ha-1) was conducted to determine effect of P on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, yield, N and P uptakes and P use efficiency on Fluvisols at Birki village, northern Ethiopia using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment was conducted under rain-fed condition between 10 July and 12 November 2011. Application of 30 kg P ha-1 significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased maize grain yield, total above ground N and P uptakes, grain N and P uptakes and P harvest index. At this P level, grain yield increased by 1074 kg ha-1 (54.8%) over the control plot. Soil P at harvest has also significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased as applied P increased from 0 to 60 kg P ha-1. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) increments were also observed on plant height, maize ear length and total above ground dry matter weight at 40 kg P ha-1 and on shoot P uptake at 30 kg P ha-1over the control. However, no significant (P > 0.05) differences were observed on shoot dry matter weight, number of grains per ear, harvest index and shoot N uptake. Phosphorus use efficiencies of maize were also observed to decrease with increasing levels of applied P. At the optimum application rate of 30 kg P ha-1, observed P agronomic and P utilization efficiencies of maize were 28.7 and 32.1 kg kg-1, respectively. Generally, the results of the study indicated that application of P fertilizer significantly increased the grain yield of maize mainly through its positive effects on the crop‘s growth parameters, yield components and total plant N and P uptakes. The analysis of marginal rate of return has further confirmed that application of 30 kg P ha-1 gave the highest net return of 3717.4 Birr ($203) ha-1which implies that it can be recommended for the production of economically optimal maize yield on Fluvisols under the environment prevailing in the study areas.

VIEWS 28
Cover PDF

Black CA, Evans DD, Ensminger JL, Clark FE. 1965. Methods of soil analysis. Part I. Physical and mineralogical properties. Madison, WI, USA: ASA, 1572p.

Bruce RC, Rayment CE. 1982. Analytical methods and interpretations used by the Agricultural Chemistry Branch for soil and land use surveys. Queensland Department of Primary Industries Bulletin l; Queensland, Australia.

Chapman HD. 1965. Cation exchange capacity. Part II. In: Black CA, Evans DD, Ensminger JL, Clark FE, eds. Methods of soil analysis., Madison, WI, USA : ASA, p.891-901.

Charman PE, Roper MM. 2007. Soil organic matter. In: Charman PE, Murphy BW, eds. Soils – their properties and management. 3rd Edition. Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press, p. 276–285.

Chaudhary EH, Ranjha AM, Gill MA, .Mehd SM. 2003. Phosphorus requirement of maize in relation to soil characteristics. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 4, 625 – 629.

Day PR. 1965. Particle fractionation and particle-size analysis. In: Black CA, Black CA, Evans DD, Ensminger JL, Clark FE, eds. Part 1: Methods of soil analysis, Madison, WI, USA: ASA, p.545-567.

Duncan RR, Baligar VC. 1990. Genetics, breeding, and physiological mechanisms of nutrient uptake and use efficiency: An overview. In: Baligar VC, Duncan R, eds. Crops as enhancers of nutrient use. London, UK: Academic Press, p. 3-35.

Fageria NK, Barbosa F. 2007. Dry matter and grain yield, nutrient uptake, and phosphorus use efficiency of lowland rice as influenced by phosphorus fertilization. Communication in. Soil Science and. Plant Analysis, 38, 1289-1297.

Fageria NK. 2009. Phosphorus. In: Fageria NK, ed. The use of nutrients in crop plants. NY, USA: CRC Taylor and Francis, p. 91-130.

Fixen PE. 2004. Sustainable nutrient use efficiency in no-till systems. In Proceedings of the No-till on the Plains Winter Conference. KS, Salinas.

FAO  (Food  and  Agriculture  Organization). 1974. The Euphrates Pilot Irrigation Project Methods of soil analysis, Gadeb Soil Laboratory (A laboratory Manual). FAO, Rome, Italy.

FAO  (Food  and  Agriculture  Organization). 2004. Gateway to Land and Water Information Kenya National Report. FAO, Rome, Italy.

FAO  (Food  and  Agriculture  Organization). 2008. Efficiency of soil and fertilizer use: Reconciling changing concepts of soil phosphorus behavior with agronomic information. FAO, Rome, Italy.

Girmay Tesfay. 2006. Agriculture, resource management and institutions: socioeconomic analysis of households in Tigray, Ethiopia. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, p 9-10.

Gomez KA, Gomez AA. 1984. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. New York, U.S.A: John Wiley and Sons, 680p.

Harte BT. 1974. A compilation of Australian water quality criteria. Australian water. In: Hazelton PA, Murphy BW, ed. Interpreting soil test results: what do all the numbers mean? 2nd Edition. NSW (New South Wales) Department of Natural Resources, Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing.

Hazelton PA, Murphy BW. 2007 Interpreting soil test results: what do all the numbers mean?. 2nd Edition. NSW (New South Wales Department) Department of Natural Resources, Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing, 152p.

Hesse PR. 1971. A text book of soil chemical analysis. London, UK: John Murray Publishers Limited, p 91-105.

HTSL (Hunting Technical Service Limited). 1976. Tigray rural development study, annex4: London, UK: land and water resources consultants in association with Sir M. Macdonald and Partners.

Hussaini MA, Ogunlela VB, Ramalan AA, Falaki AM. 2008. Mineral composition of dry season maize (Zea mays L.) in response to varying levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and irrigation at Kadawa, Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4, 775-780.

Hussein MA. 2009. Phosphorus use efficiency by two varieties of corn at different phosphorus fertilizer application rates. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 5, 85 – 93.

Ibrahim SA, Kandil H. 2007. Growth, yield and chemical constituents of corn (Zea Maize L.) as affected by nitrogen and phosphors fertilization under different irrigation intervals. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3, 1112-1120.

Iowa State University of Science and Technology. 1992. How a corn plant develops. Special Report 48,1-13.

Jones JB, Case VW. 1990. Sampling, handling, and analyzing plant tissue samples. In: Westerman RL, ed. Soil testing and plant analysis. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America p. 389-447.

Kizilgoz I, Sakin E. 2010.The effects of increased phosphorus application on shoot dry matter, shoot P and Zn concentrations in wheat (Triticum durum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) grown in a calcareous soil. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9, 5893-5896.

Kogbe JOS, and Adediran JA. 2003. Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application on the yield of maize in the savanna zone of Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2, 345-349.

Landon J.1991. Booker tropical soil manual: A Handbook for soil survey and agricultural land evaluation in the tropics and subtropics. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 474p.

Metson AJ. 1961. Methods of chemical analysis for soil survey samples. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Soil Bureau Bulletin No.12. In: Hazelton PA, B. W. Murphy BW,ed. Interpreting soil test results: what do all the numbers mean?. 2nd Edition. New South Wales, (NSW) Department of Natural Resources, Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing, p. 168-175.

Michigan State University. 1991. MSTAT-C: A Software program for the design, management, and analysis of agronomic research experiments. Michigan State University, Ann Arbor, MI., USA.

Nachtergaele  F,  Velthuizen  HV,  Verelst  L. 2009.  Harmonized  world  soil.  database.  (version 1.1). FAO, Rome, Italy and Laxenburg, Austria.

Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe LA, Dean. 1954. Estimation of available P in soils by extraction with NaHCO3. USDA Cir. 939, Washington D. C., USA, US Government printing office.

Onasanya RO, Aiyelari OP, Onasanya A, Oikeh SN, Wilene FE, Oyelakin OO. 2009. Growth and yield response of maize (Zea mays L.) to different rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in Southern Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4, 400-407.

Peech M. 1965. Hydrogen-ion activity. In: Methods of soil analysis. Part II, In: Black CA, Evans DD, Ensminger JL, Clark FE, eds. Methods of soil analysis., Madison, WI, USA : ASA, p. 914-926.

Rowell DL. 1994. Soil science: Method and applications. Addison, Wesley, England: Longman Scientific and Technical, Longman Group UK Limited, 350p.

Sahlemedhin Sertsu, Taye Bekele. 2000. Procedures for soil and plant analysis. National Soil Research Center, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Sarhadi-Sardoui J, Ronaghi A, Maftoun M, Karimian N. 2003. Growth and chemical composition of corn in three calcareous sandy soils of Iran as affected by applied phosphorus and Manure. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 5 ,77–84.

Shaw RJ. 1999. Soil salinity-electrical conductivity and chloride In: Peverill KI, Sparrow LA, Reuter DJ, eds. Soil Analysis: An Interpretation Manual. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing, p. 129-145.

Smaling EMA, Nandwa SM, Janssen BH. 1997. Soil fertility in Africa is at stake. In: Buresh RJ, Sanchez PA, Calhoun F, ed. Replenishing soil fertility in Africa. Special Publication 51, WI, USA: SA.SSSA, Madison, p. 47-61.

Sanchez PA. 2002. Soil fertility and hunger in Africa. Science, 295, 2019-2020.

Tehseen A. 2005. Investigations on growth and uptake characteristics of maize and Sweet corn as influenced by soil P status. PhD thesis Massey University, Newzealand, 1-221.

Walkley A, Black CA, 1934. An examination of the method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 29-38.

Watanabe FS, Olsen SR. 1965. Test of an ascorbic acid method for determining phosphorus in water and NaHCO3, extracts from soil. Soil Science Society of America. Proceeding, 29, 677-678.

Wasonga  CJ,  Sigunga  DO,  Mmusandu  AO. 2008. Phosphorus requirements by maize varieties in different soil type of western Kenya. African Crop Science Journal, 16, 161-173.

Submit Manuscript