Major diseases of cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Caused by fungi and their control in Odisha, India
Paper Details
Major diseases of cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Caused by fungi and their control in Odisha, India
Abstract
Cashew is an important cash crop in India but the incidence of diseases incur considerable losses in cashew plantations leading to reduction both in terms of quality and quantity. The present investigation was to study the fungi associated with cashew plant in Odisha in view of the warm and humid climate. Isolation, identification, pathogenicity test and nutritional study of the test fungi as well as the control was undertaken in vitro. The result of the study revealed that seven species of fungi namely Pestalotiopsis palmarum, Phyllosticta sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Chaetomium brassiliense were responsible for various diseases. Pestalotiopsis palmarum and Phyllosticta sp. were found to cause leaf spots; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing leaf spot, die back and gummosis of stem; Botryodiplodia theobromae causing inflorescence blight, die-back of twigs and stem gummosis; Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani causing seedling blight and root rot and Chaetomium brassiliense being responsible for causing storage rots in cashew nuts. Pathogenicity test revealed that all the test fungi were pathogenic to their respective host parts except stem gummosis. The results of the nutritional study on different solid media indicated that Malt Extract Agar medium supported the maximum mycelial growth of all the test fungi except Chaetomium brassiliense and Phyllosticta sp. In-vitro antifungal activity of some selected fungicides indicated that Bavistin could control all the pathogenic fungi by 100 %. Further studies can recommend suitable control measures for the farmers and commercial growers.
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Akhtari Khatoon, Ashirbad Mohapatra, Kunja Bihari Satapathy, 2017. Major diseases of cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Caused by fungi and their control in Odisha, India. Int. J. Biosci., 11(1), 68-74.
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