Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa Water, Bungoma, Kenya
Paper Details
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa Water, Bungoma, Kenya
Abstract
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Aishvarya N, Malviya KM, Tambe A, Sati P, Dhakar K, Pandey A. 2018. Bacteriological assessment of river Jataganga located in Indian Himalaya, with reference to physicochemical and seasonal variations under anthropogenic pressure: a case study. Journal of Environmental Microbiology 1, 10-15.
Akubuenyi FC, Uttah EC, Enyi-Idoh KH. 2013. Microbiological and physicochemical assessment of major sources of water for domestic uses in Calabar Metropolis Cross River State, Nigeria. Transitional Journal of Sciences and Technology 3, 31-34.
Behera S. 2012. Physicochemical and microbial analysis of soil and water samples in proposed coal mine site area at Latehar. MSc, thesis, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
Chen AJ, Varga J, Frisvad JC, Jiang XZ, Samson RA. 2017. Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Cervini. Studies in Mycology 85, 65-89.
Harikumar PS, Anisha A, Vasudevan S. 2017. Asssessment of water quality status of Garuvayur Municipality. Journal of Environmental Protection 8, 159-164.
Hassanein AM, Abdelrahim KAA, Sabry YM, Mohamed I, Abdi EA. 2013. Physicochemical and microbiological studies of river Nile water in Sohag governorate. Journal of Environmental Studies 10, 47-67.
Karamage F, Zhang C, Ndayisaba F, Nahayo L, Kayiranga A, Omifolaji JK, Liu T. 2016. The need for awareness of drinking water loss reduction for sustainable water resource management in Rwanda. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 4, 74-87.
Karikari AY, Ansa-Asare DO. 2005. Physicochemical and microbial water quality assessment of Densu river of Ghana. International Journal of Environmental Research, Public Health 3, 10-16.
Levi PS, Starnawski P, Poulsen B, Baattrup‐Pedersen A, Schramm A, Riis T. 2017. Microbial community diversity and composition varies with habitat characteristics and biofilm function in macrophyte‐rich streams. Oikos 126, 398-409.
Medina A, Rodríguez A, Sultan Y, Magan N. 2014. Climate change factors and Aspergillus flavus: effects on gene expression, growth and aflatoxin production. World Mycotoxin Journal 8, 171-179.
Mgbemena IC, Okechukwu IJ, Onyemekera NN, Nnokwe JC. 2012. Physicochemical and microbial characterization of Somberiro River in Ahoada East local government area, Rivers state, Nigeria. International Journal of Biosciences 2, 36-44.
Miime JB, Nyongesa ND, Akali NM, Neyole EM. 2011. Effluent discharge by Mumias sugar company: An empirical investigation of the pollution of River Nzoia. Sacha Journal of Environment Studies 1, 1-30.
Mounjid J, Coben N, Fadlaoui S, Oubraim S. 2014. Study of physicochemical and microbiological quality of Oued Bouskoura: Peri-Urbain of Casablanca Morocco. International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 3, 60-66.
Musyimi DM, Wekulo JK, Jiveri B. 2017. Bacteriological and physicochemical characterization of Aora Loko stream water, Maseno, Kenya. Journal of Asian Scientific Research 7, 119-126.
Mwembi JS. 2016. An evaluation of bacteriological quality of water from ready-to-eat food outlets in Maseno Township, Western Kenya. MSc. thesis, Maseno University, Kenya.
Noble PA, Bidle KD, Fletcher M. 1997. Natural microbial community compositions compared by a back-propagating neural network and cluster analysis of 5S rRNA. Applied Environmental Microbiology 63, 1762-1770.
Oliveira MBH, Santos C, Paterson MRR, Gusmao BN, Lima N. 2016. Fungi from groundwater. Red drinking water supply system in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research, Public Health 13, 304-307.
Omwoma S. 2011. Impacts of agronomics input in sugarcane farming on total heavy metal level in aquatic ecosystem and soil within lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. MSc. thesis, Maseno University, Kenya.
Oruta NJ, Oindo OB, Bosire KE. 2017. Relationship between water quality indicators and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Kuywa River, Kenya. Research Journal of Ecology 4, 2-22.
Osman AOA. 2016. Antifungal evaluation of some plants extracts and fungicide against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici causal agent wilt of Tomato. PhD thesis, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan.
Ouma SO. 2015. Physicochemical and bacteriological quality of water from five rural catchment areas of Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. MSc. thesis, Kenyatta University, Kenya.
Perez PD, Carmen LF. 2017. Rapid Tests for Detection of Main Clostridial Toxins. International Journal of Applied Sciences 7, 6-33.
Raju R, Salam AH, Murugesan K. 2012. Physicochemical and microbial analysis of different river waters in western Tamil Nadu, India. Research Journal of Environmental Science 1, 2-6.
Rutanga JP. 2014. Assessment of microbiological and physicochemical parameters of ground water. A case study of Giland industrial Park, Kigali, Rwanda. Ethiopia Journal of Environmental Studies and Management 7, 153-159.
Suzanne JR, Breuer L, Butterbach-Bahl K, Pelster DE, Rufino MC. 2017. Land use affects total dissolved nitrogen and nitrate concentrations in tropical montane streams in Kenya. Science of the Total Environment 603, 519-532.
The HC, Thanh DP, Holt KE, Thomson NR, Baker S. 2016. The genomic signatures of Shigella evolution, adaptation and geographical spread. Nature Reviews Microbiology 14, 235-245.
Verani M, Federigi I, Donzelli G, Cioni L, Carducci A. 2019. Human adenoviruses as waterborne index pathogens and their use for quantitative microbial risk assessment. Science of the Total Environment 651, 1469-1475.
Wafula MSM. 2014. Effects of some land use practices on water physicochemical parameters, nutrients load and heavy metal concentration in water and sediments along the Mara river, MSc thesis, Maseno University, Kenya.
Walker MJ, Barnett TC, McArthur JD, Cole JN, Gillencm, Henningham A, Nizet V. 2014. Disease manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of group A Streptococcus. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 27, 264-301.
Wasike PW. 2015. Analysis of selected heavy metals in water from River Kuywa and adjacent wells in Bungoma central sub-county, MSc, thesis, Kenyatta University, Kenya.
K John Wekulo, M David Musyimi, W Godfrey Netondo (2020), Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa Water, Bungoma, Kenya; IJBB, V11, N2, October, P1-11
https://innspub.net/microbial-characterisation-and-identification-and-potability-of-river-kuywa-water-bungoma-kenya/
Copyright © 2020
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0