Microbial spectrum of ocular infections and antibiotic resistance pattern in bacterial isolates: A study in a tertiary care hospital

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/07/2018
Views (309) Download (10)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Microbial spectrum of ocular infections and antibiotic resistance pattern in bacterial isolates: A study in a tertiary care hospital

Dr. Leela Rani K, Dr. Madhumati B
Int. J. Micro. Myco.7( 4), 7-15, July 2018.
Certificate: IJMM 2018 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

The eye and its associated structures are uniquely predisposed to infection by the various microorganisms. The detection of infectious agents depends on the knowledge of the site of infection and the severity of the process because a variety of organisms cause infections of the eye. The present study was done to determine the bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections of the eye and also to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 1 year. A total of 609 samples from clinically suspected ocular infections were collected and processed in the Microbiology department. Implicating pathogens were identified and isolated based on standard laboratory procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility was done for bacterial isolates using kirby bauer disk diffusion method. A total of 609 ocular samples were collected and processed, of which 247(40.5%) were positive either by culture and microscopy or microscopy alone. Bacteria were the commonest implicating pathogen accounting up to 215 (87%), followed by fungal and parasitic pathogens. Bacterial isolates were predominantly isolated from conjunctival swab and corneal scrapings. Maximum fungal and parasitic isolates were from corneal scrapings. Coagulase negative Staphylococci were the predominant isolate. Gram positive organisms were sensitive to vancomycin 100%, gatifloxacin 91% and ofloxacin 87%, Gram negative organisms were sensitive to gatifloxacin 78.5% and ciprofloxacin 69%. Early access to clinical and microbiological diagnosis with appropriate treatment can prevent the ocular morbidity and mortality.

VIEWS 20

Alkatan H, Athmanathan S. 2012. Incidence and microbiological profile of mycotic keratitis in a Tertiary Care Eye Hospital. Saudi J Ophthalmol 26, 217‑221. DOI:10.1016/ j.sjopt.2011.11.005.

Amin RM, Hussein FA, Idris HF, Hanafy F. 2013. Pathological, immunohistochemical and microbiological analysis of lacrimal sac biopsies in patients with chronic dacrocystitis. Int J Ophthalmol 6(6), 817–26. DOI:10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.06.14.PMID: 24392331.

Benz MS, Scott IU, Flynn HW, Unonius N, Miller D. 2004. Endophthalmitis isolates and antibiotic sensitivities: A 6-year review of culture-proven cases. Am J Ophthalmol 137, 38-42. PMID: 14700642.

Buznach N, Dagan R, Greenberg D. 2005. Clinical and bacterial characteristics of acute bacterial conjunctivitis in children in the antibiotic resistance era. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 24, 823–8. PMID: 16148850.

Cao J, Yang Y, Yang W, Wu R, Xiao X, Yuan J, Xing Y, Tan X. 2014. Prevalence of infectious keratitis in Central China. BMC Ophthalmol 14, 43. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-43.

Cheesbrough M. 2006. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Part I. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Choudhury R, Panda S, Sharma S and Sidh V. 2012. Staphylococcal infection, antibiotic resistance and therapeutics, antibiotic resistant bacteria – a continuous challenge in the new millennium 978-953-51-0472-8. DOI: 10.5772/29395

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Approved Standards M100-S22.

Das S, Konar J. 2013. Bacteriological profile of corneal ulcer with references to Antibiotic susceptibility in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 11, 72‑75.

Dias C, Gonçalves M, João A. 2013. Epidemiological study of hospital-acquired bacterial conjunctivitis in a level III neonatal unit. Sci World J. DOI: 10.1155/2013/163582.

Galvis V, Tello A, Guerra A, Acuna MR, Villarreal D. 2014. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from keratitis and intraocular infections at Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia. Biomedica 34(1), 23–33. DOI:10.1590/S0120-41572014000500004. PMID 24968033.

Gopinathan U, Sharma S, Garg P, Rao GN. 2009. Review of epidemiological features, microbiological diagnosis and treatment outcome of microbial keratitis: Experience of over a decade. Indian J Ophthalmol 57, 273‑279. DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.53051. PMID: 12131029.

Henry CR, Flynn W, Miller D, Forster RK, Alfonso EC. 2012. Infectious Keratitis progressing to Endophthalmitis: a 15-year-study of microbiology, associated factors, and clinical outcomes. Ophthalmology 119(12), 2443–9. DOI:10.1016/j.optha.2012.06.030.Epub2012 Aug 1. PMID: 22858123

Idiculla T, Zachariah G, Keshav B, Basu S. 2009. A retrospective study of fungal corneal ulcers in the south Sharqiyah region in Oman. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 9, 59‑62. PMID: 21509276.

Klotz SA, Penn CC, Negvesky GJ, Butrus SI. 2000. Fungal and parasitic infections of the Eye. Clin Microbiol Rev 13(4), 662–85. PMID:11023963.

Maheshwari R, Maheshwari S, Shah T. 2009. Acute dacryocystitis causing orbital cellulitis and abscess. Orbit 28, 196–9. PMID : 19839913.

Mariotti SP, Pascolini D, Rose-Nussbaumer J. 2009. J. Trachoma: global magnitude of a preventable cause of blindness. Br J Ophthalmol 93, 563–8. PMID: 19098034.

McClellan KA. 1997. Mucosal defense of the outer eye. Surv Ophthalmol 42, 233-46. PMID: 9406369.

Michael Osita Emina, Faustina Kemdinum Idu. 2011. Bacteria and parasites in contact lenses of asymptomatic wearersin Nigeria. J Optom 4(2), 69-74. DOI: 10.1016/S1888-4296(11)70044-9. PMCID: PMC3974398.

NanWang, Qian Yang, Qian Yang, Yiwei Tan, Liping Lin, Qiang Huang, and KailiWu. 2015. Bacterial Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Ocular Infection: Differences between External and Intraocular Diseases. Journal of Ophthalmology. Article ID 813979, 7 pages. DOI: 10.1155/2015/813979.

Ramesh S, Ramakrishnaan R, Bharathi MJ, Amulthan M, Vishwanathan S. 2010. Prevalence of bacterial pathogens causing ocular infection in south India. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 53(2), 281–86. DOI:10.4103/0377-4929.64336. PMID: 20551533.

Reddy GP, Alam MR, Gopinathan U, Sharma S, Krishnaiah S. 2010. Comparison of vitro susceptibilities of gram-positive cocci isolated from ocular infections against the second and fourth generation quinolones at a tertiary eye care centre in South India. Eye 24, 170–4.

Sharma S, Garg P, Rao GN. 2000. Patient Characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of non-contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol 84, 1103-8. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.84.10. 1103. PMID: 11004092

Sharma S. 2010. Ocular infections: Research in India. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 28, 91-94. DOI:10.4103/0255-0857.62481.

Summaiya M, Neeta K, Sangita R. 2012. Ocular infections: rational approach to antibiotic therapy. Natl J Med Res 2(1), 22–4.

Tesfaye T, Beyene G, Gelaw Y, Bekele S, Saravanan M. 2013. Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of External Ocular Infections in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Am J Ophthalmol 1, 13–20. DOI: 10.12691/ajidm-1-1-3.

Ubani, Udo Ahanna. 2009. Common bacterial isolates from infected eye. J Niger Optom Assoc 15, 40-7. DOI: 10.4314/jnoa.v15;1.5610.

Vemuganti GK, Garg P, Sharma S, Joseph J, Gopinathan U, Singh S. 2005. Is microsporidial keratitis an emerging cause of stromal keratitis? – a case series study. BMC Ophthalmol 5, 19. DOI:10.1186/1471-2415-5-19. PMID: 16105181.