Morphological and biochemical characterization of Ziziphus jujube collect from remote areas of Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Paper Details
Morphological and biochemical characterization of Ziziphus jujube collect from remote areas of Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Abstract
The present work was done in organize to estimate the genetic diversity among the Ziziphus jujube genotype. Genetic variation is considered as a basic feature to plants breeding and makes it viable to choose plants with appropriate traits. The methods to study genetic variation are morphological traits and SDS-PAGE. For this purpose, seeds of 100 genotype were collected. Data were recorded of 16 morphological traits in which qualitative are, Frequency, Irrigation, Plant population density, Tree vigorous intermediate (18%), large (71%) and small (11%), Leaf shape, Leaf margin, Leaf colour genotype red (6%), light brown (16%), brown(36%), dark brown(14%) and yellowish (28%), Shoot pubescence, Shoot colour, Seed shape, Shell texture was 99% and soft shell texture are 1%, Shell colour, Shell strength and the remaining traits were show no variation. And quantitative traits are Leaf length (21-52mm), Leaf width (10-29mm), Seed length (14-32mm), Seed width (1-9), Petiole length (2-7mm), 100 Seeds weight (40-250g), and number of branches. In quantitative maximum variation was found for all traits in genotype. SDS-PAGE analyses of seed storage were Which gives significant result, in total 14 bands were observed, the entire band loci are all were polymorphic, the utmost level of variation was found in B18 (0.85%) followed by B1 (0.96%) and B2 (0.94%), B4 (0.85%), B6 (0.75%) and B7 (0.73%). Similarly B12 (0.2%) revealed low level B5 (0.8%), B3 (0.9%), B14 (31%), B13 (0.34%), B11 (0.41%), B9 (0.55%), B8 (0.65%). All the traits show significant variation, for future use in selection of plant.
Anu A, Peter KV. 2003. Analysis of seed protein of 29 lines of Capsicum annuum L. by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Genet. Res. Crop Evol., 50, 239-243.
Bal JS. 1992. Identification of ber (Zizyphus mauritaina L.) cultivars through vegetative and fruit characters. Acta Hort. 317, 245-253.
Choudhary M. 2013. Electrophoretic characterization of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) mutants for storage seed protein profile. In: M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis submitted to S.K.R.A.U. Bikaner and Campus-Jobner.
Ecevit FM, Şan B, Dilmaç-Ünal T, Hallaç-Türk F, Yıldırım AN, Polat M, Yıldırım F. 2008. Selection of superior ber (Ziziphus jujube L.) genotypes in Çivril region. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi 14(1), 51-56.
Gao WH, Li, XG, Wang CZ. 2009. Variation in morphology of jujube ‘Muzao’ (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) in the losses plateau of China. Proc.1st Int’l Jujube Sym. Acta Hort.840, Mengjun L. (ed.), 197-202.
Ghafoor A, Ahmad Z. 2005. Diversity of agronomic traits and total seed protein in Black gram Vignamungo (L.)Hepper. Acta Biol CracoviensiaSer Botany 47(2), 69–75.
Ghafoor A, Arshad M. 2008. Seed protein profiling of Pisum sativum (L) germplasm using Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for investigation of biodiversity. Pak. Journal. Bot., 40(6), 2315-2321.
Ghafoor A, Ahmad Z, Qureshi AS, Bashir M. 2002. Genetic relationship of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper and V. radiata (L.) R. Wilezek based on morphological traits and SDS-PAGE. Euphytica 123, 367-378.
Horsley RD, Schwarz PB, Faue AC, Manthey FA. Survey of β-glucan content of barley cultivars adapted to North Dakota. N.D. Farm Res. 49(5), 24–26, 1995.
Kundi AHK, Wazir FK, Addul G, Wazri ZDK. 1989. Physicochemical characteristics and organoleptic evaluation of different ber (Ziziphus jububa Mill.) cultivars. Sarhad J. Agri. 5, 149-155.
Kundu SS, Pareek OP, Gupta AK. 1995. Effect of time and severity of pruning on physiochemical characteristics and yield of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana (Lank) cv. Umran. Haryana J. Hort. Sci. 24, 23-30.
Liu P, Liu MJ, Wang JR, Yan C. 2009. Investigation on the characteristics of fruiting and seed development in Chinese jujube (Ziziphusjujuba Mill.). Proc.1st Int’l Jujube Sym. Acta Hort. 840, Mengjun L. (ed), 209-214.
Ma Y, Li C. 2012. Textural characteristic, antioxidant activity, sugar, organic acid, and phenolic profiles of 10 promising jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) selections. J.of Food Science 77(11), 1218-1225.
Nisar M, Ghafoor A, Ahmad H, Khan MR, Qureshi AS, Ali H, Aslam M. 2008 Evaluation of genetic diversity of pea germplasm through phenotypic trait analysis. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40, 2081-2086.Pakhtunkhwa. Pak. J. Bot., 48(1), 263-270.
Nisar M, Ghafoor A, Wadood SF, Iqbal A Nausheen. 2016. Intra and inter specific profiling of Pakistani Quercus species growing in the hilly areas of district Dir Khyber.
Pareek OP. 2001. Ber.International Center for Underutilized Crops, Southampton, UK.
Saini RS, Yamadagni R, Kaushik RA, Theraja RK. 1994. Effect of pruning severity on growth, fruit yield and quality of ber (Zizphus mauritana Lank) under rainfed conditions. Haryana J. Hort. Sci. 23, 278-281.
Sharma DB. 2012. Genetic diversity in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) using protein profile. In: M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis submitted to S.K.R.A.U., Bikaner and Campus-Jobner.
Nasar Ali, Arshad Khan, Murad Ali, Waqar khan Mohammad Nisar, 2018. Morphological and biochemical characterization of Ziziphus jujube collect from remote areas of Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 13(6), 124-131.
Copyright © 2018 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.