Morphological and physiological attributes associated to drought tolerance of Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes under water deficit condition
Paper Details
Morphological and physiological attributes associated to drought tolerance of Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes under water deficit condition
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to assess the differential morpho-physiological response to stimulated water deficit and to determine the relationship between some of these morphological and physiological traits and yield components of eighteen durum wheat genotypes grown in pots under lathhouse condition. Water deficit significantly affected gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. It reduced the net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) measured both at anthesis and grain-filling stages. Similarly, the value of initial fluorescence (Fo) was increased while variable fluorescence (Fv), maximum fluorescence (Fm) and optimum quantum yield fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were decreased under water deficit. RWC of the leaves was decreased by 36.7% while SLA increased by 12.6% due to moisture stress relative to the well-watered control. No significant correlations were found between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and grain yield under water deficit condition. Similarly, no significant correlations were found between leaf gas exchange parameters and grain yield. On the other hand, peduncle length and excursion were positively correlated with grain yield while negatively correlated with drought susceptibility index under water deficit condition. Leaf posture and rolling had also a profound effect on grain yield and other attributes. Erect-leaved genotypes had more grain yield, HI, kernel numbers per spikelet and grain-filling rate but had lower kernel weight than droopy leaved. Similarly, genotypes exhibited strong leaf rolling under water deficit condition had more grain yield, kernel numbers per spike and water use efficiency. The genetic variability found for leaf posture, leaf rolling, peduncle length and excursion among the Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes suggests the opportunity for selection superior and adapted genotype in water-limited environments. These can be achieved by integrating these morphological traits as indirect selection in conjunction with other yield components.
Abbad H. Jaafari SE Bort J Araus JL. 2004. Comparison of flag leaf and ear photosynthesis with grain yield of durum wheat under various water conditions and genotypes. Agronomie 24, 19-28.
Angus JF, Jones R, Wilson JH. 1972. A comparison of barley cultivars with different leaf inclinations. Australia Journal of Agricultural Research 23,945-957.
Anyia AO, Herzog H. 2004. Water use efficiency, leaf area and leaf gas exchange of cowpeas under mid-season drought. European Journal of Agronomy 20,327-339.
Araus JL, Reynolds MP, Acevedo E. 1993. Leaf posture, grain yield, growth, leaf structure and carbon isotope discrimination in wheat. Crop Science 33, 1273-1279.
Araus, JL. 1996. Integrative physiological criteria associated with yield potential. pp 150-166. In: Reynolds MP, Rajaram S, McNap A. (eds.). Increasing Yield Potential in Wheat: Breaking the Barriers. CIMMYT, Mexico, D. F.
Araus JL, Amaro T, Zuhair Y, Nachit MM. 1997a. Effects of leaf structure and water status on carbon isotope discrimination in field-grown durum wheat. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 1484-1494.
Araus JL, Ceccarelli S, Grando S. 1997b. Relationship between leaf structure and carbon isotope discrimination in field-grown barley. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 35, 533-541.
Araus JL, Amaro T, Voltas J, Nakkoul H, Nachit MM. 1998. Chlorophyll fluorescence as selection criterion for grain yield in durum wheat under Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research 55, 209-223.
Araus JL, Casadesus TJ, Bort J. 2001. Recent tools for the screening of physiological traits determining yield. pp. 59-77. In: Reynolds MP, Ortiz- Monasterio JI, McNab A. (eds.). Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding. Mexico, D.F. CIMMYT.
Araus JL, Salfer MP, Royo C, Serett MD. 2008. Breeding for yield potential and stress adaptation in cereals. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 27, 377-412.
Bajjii M, Lutts S, Kinet KM. 2001. Water deficit effects on solute contribution to osmotic adjustment as a function of leaf ageing in three durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) cultivars performing in arid conditions. Plant Science 60, 669-681.
Baker NR, Horton P. 1987. Chlorophyll fluorescence quenching during photoinhibition. pp. 145-168. In: Kyle DJ, Osmond CB, Arntzen CJ. (eds.). Photoinhibition. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam.
Baker NR, Rosenqvist E. 2004. Application of chlorophyll fluorescence can improve crop production strategies: an examination of future possibilities. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 1607-1621.
Blum A. 1990. Variation among wheat cultivars in the response of leaf gas exchange to light. Journal of Agricultural Science (Camb) 5,305-311.
Boyer JJ. 1996. Advances in drought tolerance in plants. Advances in Agronomy 56, 187- 218.
Briggs KG, Aytenfisu A. 1980. Relationship between morphological characters above the flag leaf node and grain yield in spring wheat. Crop Science 20,350-354.
Condon AG, Richards RA, Rebetzke GJ, Farquhar DG. 2002. Improving intrinsic water-use efficiency and crop yield. Crop Science 42, 122-131.
Cornic G. 2000. Drought stress inhibits photosynthesis by decreasing stomatal closure- not by affecting ATP synthesis. Trends in Plant Science 5, 187-188.
Cornic G, Massacci A. 1996. Leaf photosynthesis under stress. In: Baker RN (ed.). Photosynthesis and the Environment. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Clavel D, Drame NK, Roy-Macauley H, Braconnier S, Laffray D. 2005. Analysis of early variations in response to drought of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars for using as breeding traits. Environmental and Experimental Botany 54,219-230.
El Hafid R, Smith DH, Karrou M, Samir K. 1998. Physiological response of spring durum wheat cultivars to early-season drought in a Mediterranean environment. Annals of Botany 81, 363-370.
Fisher RA, Rees D, Sayre KD, Condon L, Larque-Saavardara, 1998. Wheat yield progress is associated with higher stomata conductance, photosynthesis rate and cooler canopies. Crop Science 38, 1467-1475.
Flexas J, Medrano H. 2002. Drought inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 plants: stomatal and non-stomatal limitation revisited. Annals of Botany 89, 183-189.
French RJ, Turner NC. 1991. Water deficit change dry matter partitioning and seed yield in narrow– leafed lupins (Lupinus angustiflious L.). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, 471-484.
Giardi MT, Cona A, Gieken B, Kucera T, Masojidek J, Matto AK. 1996. Long-term drought stress induces structural and functional reorganization of photosystem II. Planta 199, 118-125.
Gupta NK, Gupta S, Kumar A. 2001. Effect of water stress on physiological attributes and their relationship with growth and yield of wheat cultivars at different stages. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 186, 55-62.
Gutierrez-Rodriguez, Reynolds MP, Larque-Saavedra, 2000. Photosynthesis of wheat in warm, irrigated environment. II. Traits associated with genetic gains in yield. Field Crops Research 66, 51-62.
He JX, Wang J, Liang HG. 1995. Effects of water stress on photochemical function and protein metabolism of photosystem II in wheat leaves. Physiologia Plantarum 90, 771-777.
Innes P, Blackwell RD. 1983. Some effects of leaf posture on yield and water economy of winter wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science (Camb) 101, 367-376.
Johnson GN, Young AJ, Scholes JD, Horton P. 1993. The dissipation of excess excitation energy in British plant species. Plant, Cell and Environment 16, 673-679.
Kaya Y, Topal R, Gonulal AE, Arisoy RZ. 2002. Factor analyses of yield traits in genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum). Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 72,301-303.
Koc M, Barutcular C, Genc I. 2003. Photosynthesis and productivity of old and modern durum wheats in a Mediterranean environment. Crop Science 43, 2089-2098.
Krause GH, Weis E. 1991. Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis: the basis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 42, 313-349.
Lambers H, Chapin III, FS, Pons TL. 1998. Plant Physiological Ecology. Springer- Verlag, New York, 450.
Long SP, Humphries S, Falkowski PG. 1994. Photo inhibition of photosynthesis in nature. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 45,633-662.
Maxwell K, Johnson GN. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence- a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 659-668.
Monneveux P, Reynolds MP, Gonzalez-Santoyo H, Pena RJ, Mayr L, Zapata F. 2004. Relationship between grain yield, flag leaf morphology, carbon isotope discrimination and ash content in irrigated wheat. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 190, 395-401.
Monneveux P, Rekika D, Acevedo E, Merah O. 2006. Effect of drought on leaf gas exchange, carbon isotope discrimination, transpiration efficiency and productivity in field grown durum wheat genotypes. Plant Science 170, 867-872.
O’Toole JC, Chang TT, Singh TN. 1979. Leaf rolling and transpiration. Plant Science 16, 111-114.
Rascio A, Cedola MC, Toponi M, Flagella Z, Wittmer G. 1990. Leaf morphology and water status changes in Triticum durum under water stress. Physiologia Plantarum 78, 462-467.
Reynolds MP, Rajaram S, Sayre KD. 1999. Physiological and genetic changes of irrigated wheat in the post-green revolution period and approaches for meeting projected global demand. Crop Science 39, 1611-1621.
Richards RA. 1996. Defining selection criteria to improve yield of winter wheat under drought. Plant Growth and Regulation 20, 157-166.
Richards A. 2000. Selectable traits to increase crop photosynthesis and yield of grain crops. Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 447-458.
Richards RA, Rebetzk GJ, Condon AG, Van Herwaarden. 2002. Breeding opportunities for increasing water use and crop yield in temperate cereals. Crop Science 42, 111-121.
Schnofeld MA, Johnson RC, Carver BF, Mornhinweg DW. 1988. Water relation in winter wheat as drought indicators. Crop Science 28, 526-531.
Siddique MRB, Hamid A, Islam MS. 1999. Drought stress effects on photosynthetic rate and leaf gas exchange in wheat. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 40,141-145.
Simane B, Struik PC, Nachit MM, Peacock JM. 1993. Ontogenetic analysis of yield and yields components and yield stability of durum wheat in water-limited environments. Euphytica 71, 211-219.
Simane B. 1993. Durum wheat drought resistance. Ph.D. Thesis. Wageningen University. The Netherlands.
Solomon KF, Labuschangne MT, Bennie TP. 2003. Response of Ethiopian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum L.) genotypes to drought stress. South Africa Journal of Plant and Soil 20, 54-58.
Spollen WG, Sharp RE, Saab IN, Wu Y. 1993. Regulation of cell expansion in roots and shoots at low water potentials. pp. 37-52. In: Smith JAC, Griffiths H. (eds). Water Deficits: Plant Response from Cell to Community. Bios. Oxford. UK.
Strauss JA, Agenbag GA. 2000. The use of physiological parameters to identify drought tolerance in spring wheat cultivars. South Africa Journal of Plant and Soil 17(1), 20-29.
Villegas D, Aparico N, Blanco N, Royo C. 2001. Biomass accumulation and main stem elongation of durum wheat grown under Mediterranean condition. Annals of Botany 88, 617-627.
Villegas D, Garcia del Moral LF, Rharrabti Y, Martos V, Royo C. 2006. Morphological traits above the flag leaf nodes as indicators of drought susceptibility index in durum wheat. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science dio: 1111/j.1434-037X.2006.002446.x.
Zamski E, Grunmberger Y. 1995. Short- and – long ear high-yielding hexaploid cultivars: which has unexpressed potential for higher yield? Annals of Botany 75, 501-506.
Zadocks JC, Chang TT, Konzak CF. 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research 14, 415-421.
Zlatev Z, Yordanov IT. 2004. Effect of soil drought on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in bean plants. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology 30, 3-18.
Ashinie Bogale, Kindie Tesfaye, Tilahun Geleto (2011), Morphological and physiological attributes associated to drought tolerance of Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes under water deficit condition; JBES, V1, N2, April, P22-36
https://innspub.net/morphological-and-physiological-attributes-associated-to-drought-tolerance-of-ethiopian-durum-wheat-genotypes-under-water-deficit-condition/
Copyright © 2011
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0