Multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) from tori-bossito, republic of Benin
Paper Details
Multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) from tori-bossito, republic of Benin
Abstract
In order to detect the multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae populations in the district of Tori-Bossito, southern Benin from June-September 2019, firstly adult females aged to 2-5 were subjected to susceptible test using impregnated papers (Permethrin 0.75%, delthamethrin 0.05%, DDT 4%, and bendiocarb 0.1%) following WHO testing protocol. Death and survival of An. gambiae populations from the test were screened for knock down resistance (KDR) and acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1R) mutations. Finally, biochemical analysis was done in order to detect Mixed Function Oxydase (MFO), non-specific esterase (NSE) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) activity in individual 2–5 days old adult An. gambiae that had been reared from larvae and not previously exposed to insecticides. This research showed that An. gambiae populations from urban and rural areas were of resistance to DDT (2% as a means of mortality), permethrin (40%) and delthamethrin (72%) but fully susceptible bendiocarb. The kdr mutation due to the use of insecticides was the main resistance mechanism identified in these An. gambiae populations (0.72 as a means of frequency). The Ace-1 mutation was found at a very low frequency (≤ 5%). Moreover, enzymatic activities (Esterase, Glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and P450 monooxygenase) in the wild population of An. Gambiae were significantly higher than the control strain (P < 0,05). This study provides clear evidence that there is a multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae populations from Tori-Bossito. This will jeopardise the successful of fighting against malaria in this district.
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