Ossicle morphology of Sandfish (Holothuria scabra Jaeger) at different stages of maturity
Paper Details
Ossicle morphology of Sandfish (Holothuria scabra Jaeger) at different stages of maturity
Abstract
Holothuria scabra Jaeger was investigated for its ossicle morphology by the use of spicule analysis. Buttons, tables, and rods are the most observable ossicles in all weight ranges. Different kinds of rod ossicles such as I-shape rods, spiny branched rods, and less spiny branched rods were observed in some weights. Weights ranged in 20-59g, 60-89g, and 90g and above respectively. I-shape rods was observed in the ventral region of specimens weighing 65g, and 93g, while it was also observed in the dorsal region of specimen weighing 252g. Both spiny and less spiny branched rods were observed mostly on the specimens weighing 40g, and 50g. Other ossicles observed were branched rods, ring-like ossicle, and ellipsoid in buttons. Results obtained in this study show that buttons are the most abundant ossicle observed in the adult stage of H. scabra Jaeger. It is advised that future research use samples weighing between 20 and 250 grams to examine the ossicle formations present on these weights, measure the sizes of the ossicles to be observed with the suggested weights of sample species, and conduct additional sampling from other sites to determine whether a particular ossicle morphology first appears at a particular stage of maturity and may be absent in succeeding stages of maturity.
Agudo N. 2006. Sandfish Hatchery Techniques. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) and the WorldFish Center
Al- Yaqout A, Manickam N, Al-Yamani F, Al-Kandari M. 2021. Sea cucumbers of the Arabian Peninsula and Iran a- Review of Historical and Current Research Trends. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.
Al-Rashdi KM, Claereboudt MR, Eeckhaut I. 2012. A Manual on Hatchery of Sea cucumber Holothuria scabra in the Sultanate of Oman. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Wealth, Aquaculture Centre. 27 pp.
Althunibat O, Hashim RB, Taher M, Daud JM, Ikeda MA, BIZ. 2009. In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Three Malaysian Sea Cucumber Species. European Journal of Scientific Research 37(3), 376-387.
Bordbar S, Anwar F, Saari N. 2011. High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods- A Review. Marine Drugs 9, 1761-1805.
Brown EO, Perez ML, Garces LR, Ragaza RJ, Bassig RA, Zaragoza EC. 2010. Value Chain Analysis for Sea Cucumber in the Philippines. Studies & Reviews 2120. The WorldFish Center 44.
Choo PS. 2008. The Philippines: A Hotspot of Sea Cucumber Fisheries in Asia. In Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade, eds. V. Toral-Granda, A. Lovatelli, and M. Vasconcellos,. FAO Fisheries and Agriculture Technical Paper 516, pp. 119-140.
Conand C. 2004. Present status of world international sea cucumber and utilisation: An overview. In Lovatelli, C. Conand, S.W. Purcell, S. Uthicke, J.-F. Hamel, & A. Mercier (Eds.), Advances Management in Sea Cucumber Aquaculture and FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 463, 13-23. FAO.
Dabbagh AR, Sedaghat MR. 2012. Breeding and rearing of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra in Iran. SPC Beche-de- mer Information Bulletin
Dar M, Ahmad H. 2006. The feeding selectivity and ecological role of shallow water holothurians in the Red Sea. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin
De Jesús-Navarrete A, Poot MNM, Medina-Quej A. 2018. Density and population parameters of sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (Echinodermata: Stichopodidae) at Sisal, Yucatan. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 46(2), 416-423.
Ehsanpour Z, Archangi B, Salami M, Salari MA, Zolgharnein H. 2016. Morphological and Molecular Identification of Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva from Bostaneh Port, Persian Gulf. Indian Journal of Geo- Marine Sciences 45(3), 405-409.
Gamboa R, Gomez AL, Nievales MJ. 2004. The status of sea cucumber fishery and mariculture in the Philippines. Fao fisheries technical paper.
Hamel JF, Conand C, Pawson D, Mercier A. 2001. The sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata): Its biology and exploitation as Beche-de-mer. Advances in Marine Biology 41, 129-223.
Han Q, Keesing J, Liu D. 2016. A Review of Sea Cucumber Aquaculture, Ranching, & Stock Enhancement in China. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture 24(4), 326-341.
Iradel C. 2022. Sustaining the Culture of Quality in Teacher Education Institutions. Journal of Education Naresuan University 24(2).
Jontila JB, Balisco RA, Matillano J. 2014. The Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) of Palawan, Philippines 1, 2. AACL Bioflux, 7(3).
Junus S, Kwong PJ, Khoo G. 2018. A review on the recent advances in the biology and aquaculture technology of Holothuria scabra. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Science 4(2), 5-25.
Kamarudin KR, Rehan MM, Bahaman NA. 2017. Morphological and Molecular Identification of Sea Cucumber species Holothuria scabra, Stichopus horrens, Stichopus ocellatus from Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia. Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 40(1), 161-172.
Macfadyen G, Huntington T, Cappell R. 2009. Abandoned, Lost or Otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No.185; FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 523. Rome: FAO.
Mamelona J, Pelletier E. 2010. Producing High Antioxidant Activity Extracts from Echinoderm by Products by using Pressured Liquid Extraction. Biotechnology 9(4), 523-528.
Massin C, Mercier A, Hamel JF. 2000. Ossicle change in Holothuria scabra with a discussion of ossicle evolution within the Holothuriidae (Echinodermata). Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 81, 77-91
Mohsen M, Yang H. 2021. Sea Cucumbers: Aquaculture, Biology, and Ecology.
Olavides RD, Edullantes CM, Juinio- Menez M. 2010. Assessment of the sea cucumber resource and fishery in the Bolinao-Anda reef system. Science Diliman 22(2)
Pangestuti R, Arifin Z. 2017. Medicinal and health benefit effects of functional sea cucumbers-A Review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 1-11.
Perez J. 2011. Species Identification of Sea cucumber (Holothuroids) in Guang- Guang, Pujada Bay, Mati Davao Oriental using Spicules. 11th National Symposium in Marine Science.
Pitogo KM, Sumin J, Ortiz A. 2018. Swallow-water Sea Cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in Sarangani Bay, Mindanao, Philippines with Notes on Their Relative Abundance. Philippine Journal of Science.
Purcell S, Hair C, Mills D. 2012. Sea cucumber culture, farming and sea ranching in the tropics: Progress, problems and opportunities. Aquaculture 368-369, pp.68-81.
Purcell S, Mercier A, Conand C, Hamel J, Toral-Granda M, Lovatelli A, Uthicke S. 2011. Sea cucumber fisheries: global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing. Fish and Fisheries 14(1), pp. 34-59.
Rasolofonirina R, Jangoux M. 2005. Appearance and development of skeletal structures in Holothuria scabra larvae and epibiont juveniles. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin #22, pp.6-9.
Ross R. 2019. What Is Sea Cucumber? Retrieved from:https://www.livescience.com/sea- cucumbers. html? fbclid =IwAR2QjDJUJZQ lxGIqHEs 83YB 45m5z7AblpMM8FpxOG aRIpmo7Bc7UGAcH6y4
Stricker S. 1986. The Fine Structure and Development of Calcified Skeletal Elements in the Body Wall of Holothurian Echinoderms. Journal of Morphology.
Sun J, Hamel J, Gianasi B., Mercier A. 2019. Age determination in echinoderms: first evidence of annual growth rings in holothuroids. The Royal Society Publishing.
Susetya IE, Dewinta AF, Harahap ZA, Leidonald R, Yusni E, Suriani M, Lesmana I. 2020. Characteristics of environment and habitat of sea cucumbers in Pane Island, Tapanuli Tengah Regency. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci 454
Toral-Granda MV. 2005. The use of calcareous spicules for the identification of the Galapagos sea cucumber Isostochopus fuscus on the international market. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin 22, 3-5.
Torres JRD. 2017. Antibacterial and antifungal property of extracts derived from the body wall and cuvierian tubules of Pearsonothuria graeffei Semper (Black- spotted Sea cucumber). Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery 2(1), 010-018.
Torres JRD. 2015. The Calcareous Spicules of Two Common Sea Cucumber Species Found in La Union, Philippines. Philippine Society for the Study of Nature Book of Abstracts and Proceedings IConSIE ISSN No. 2449-4178; IPR No. O2014-1919.
Torres JRD, Malaya V. 2021. Mitodepressive and Genotoxic Potential of Crude Body Wall and Cuvierian Tubule Extracts of Mani-mani (Pearsonothuria graeffei Semper) on Root Meristems of Onion (Allium cepa L.). Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 19.
Torres JRD, Malaya VN, Argame VM, Tadifa FG. 2019. The body wall spicule formations of mature Holothuria impatiens found in La Union, Philippines. Journal of Natural and Allied Sciences 3(1), 42-45.
Tresnati J, Yasir I, Syafiuddin Aprianto R, Yanti A, Bestari AD, Tuwo A. 2020. Early maturity of Sandfish Holothuria scabra offers more prospective broodstock supply of a commercially important aquaculture species. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 564.
Wolkenhauer SM, Uthicke S, Burridge C, Skewes T. 2010. The ecological role of Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) within subtropical seagrass beds. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 90(02), 215-223.
Yaghmour F, Whittington-Jones B. 2017. First record of Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra Jaeger, 1833 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the coastal waters of the United Arab Emirates. Peerj
Yang H, Hamel JK, Mercier A. 2015. The Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: History, biology, and Aquaculture, Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science 39, pp.
Yoshimura K, Iketani T, Motokawa T. 2012. Do regular sea urchins show preference in which part of the body they orient forward in their walk? Mar Biol. 159, 959-965.
Jason N. Tersol, Maribel V. Gabuyo, Lymuel May M. Palmones, Fraxie D. Manipon, John Raymund D. Torres (2023), Ossicle morphology of Sandfish (Holothuria scabra Jaeger) at different stages of maturity; IJB, V23, N2, August, P240-254
https://innspub.net/ossicle-morphology-of-sandfish-holothuria-scabra-jaeger-at-different-stages-of-maturity/
Copyright © 2023
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0