Physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of drinking water quality of Nomal, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Paper Details
Physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of drinking water quality of Nomal, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Abstract
This study was undertaken in Nomal Village located in 25 km from Gilgit district. Nomal Valley has an approximate 850 households consisting of 6000 people. The aim of this study was to analyze the state of drinking water quality in Nomal area. Water samples were collected from seven sites in sterilizes bottles. The water samples were immediately subjected to both chemical and biological analysis. The results of these tests were compared with water quality standards of WHO. The water quality parameters namely pH, temperature, turbidity, odor, taste, total hardness, alkalinity and E. coli were determined. The data indicated that pH of all samples was 7, turbidity varied from 5-10 NTU and temperature was 9-25°C. The results showed that physical and chemical parameters of drinking water fall within recommended limits of WHO. Biological water quality analysis indicated that channel water was highly contaminated showing the presence of high fecal coliform. The maximum colonies of coliform present in channel-2 (TNTC) too numerous to count and in tap water 93 E. coli colonies were examined. It indicated that biologically water is not suitable for human consumption. However, chemical and physical quality of drinking water does not have any health hazard problems this time so for. The water far from the source was much polluted as compared to near to the source. Longer the distance water covers it become more polluted because of anthropogenic interaction.
Ali W, Ahmad K. 1994. Pakistan Country Report, presented at WHO Training Course/Workshop on GEMS/WATER Quality Monitoring, Amman, Jordan.
Altaf MA, Jamal H, Whittington D. 1992. Willingness-to-pay for Watering Rural Punjab Pakistan. UNDP World Bank Water and Sanitation. Vol 4.
Anon. 1992. Standard methods of the examination of Water and Waste water (18th Edition). American Public Health Association.
APHA. 1992. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th Edition. Washington, DC.
Carr GM, Neary JP. 2008. Water Quality for Ecosystem and Human Health United Nations Environment Programme Global Environment Monitoring System. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
Chat well F. 1989. Environmental Water Pollution and Control, Anmol Publication New Delhi.
Chung L, Lee LH. 2007. Influence of alkalinity, hardness and dissolved solids on drinking water test: A case study of consumer satisfaction, Journal of Environmental Management 82, 1-12.
Davis M. 2002. Water quality report. City of Davis, Public works 23 Russel Boulevard.
Esrey S. 1985. Journal of Water wastes and well-being a multi-country study 6, p 143.
Hrudey SE. 2004. Safe drinking water. Lessons from recent outbreaks in affluent nations. London, International Water Association Publishing.
Jabeen F, Shedayi AA. 2011. Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Drinking Water Quality Analysis of Sultanabad, Gilgit, Pakistan. Natural Resources Management: Reviews and Research in the Himalayan Watersheds II (Special Publication of NUFU HIMUNET Project, Vol II): 55-60.
Javed A. 2001. Save the mountain mass. The Nation October 21, 2001.
John HD. 1996. Particle counter count machining. In proceeding of Water quality technology conference, Part II, AWWA.
Kahlown MA, Tahir MA. 2002. Quality Analysis of Bottled Mineral Water. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Islamabad.
Kosek M, Bern C, Guerrant RL. 2003. The global burden of diarrheal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. Bull world health organization 81, 263p.
Malick FK, Akhtar W, Seema J, 1998. Drinking Water Quality in the City of Karachi. 24th WEDC Conference, Sanitation and Water for All. Islamabad, Pakistan.
RISC (Resources Inventory Standards Committee). 1998. Guidelines for Interpreting Water Quality Data. Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks. Victoria, BC.
Robertson LJ, Hermansen L, Gjerde BK, Strand E, Alvsvåg JO, Langeland N. 2006. Application of genotyping during an extensive outbreak of waterborne giardiasis in Bergen, Norway, during autumn and winter 2004. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72(3), 2212-2217.
Schaffer M, Carpenter S, Foley JA, Folke C, Walker B. 2001. Journal of Catastrophic shifts in Nature 13, 591-596.
Stein M. 2000. Climatic conditions around Greenland- 1998. NFO. Sci. Coun. Studies 33, 29- 38.
Tahir MA.1989. pollution problems in water supply system of Islamabad. Pakistan council of research in water resources.
Tyagi P, Buddhi D, Chaudhary R, Sawhney RL. 2002. Degradation of ground water quality in industrial areas of India. A review. Ind. Journal. Environment Protect 20, 174-181.
Viswanathan V, Laha T, Balani K, Agarwal A, Seal S. 2006. Challenges and advances in nanocomposite processing techniques; A review. J. Mater. Sci. Eng 54, 121- 285.
WHO (World health organization). 1996. Guidelines for drinking water quality. Vol 2.
Arshad Ali Shedayi, Salma Ahmad, Ming Xu, Sehrish Sadia, Sumera Ehsan, Saba Riaz (2015), Physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of drinking water quality of Nomal, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan; JBES, V7, N2, August, P81-87
https://innspub.net/physico-chemical-and-bacteriological-analysis-of-drinking-water-quality-of-nomal-gilgit-baltistan-pakistan/
Copyright © 2015
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0