Physiological and biochemical changes during seed germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by mother plant NPK nutrition
Paper Details
Physiological and biochemical changes during seed germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by mother plant NPK nutrition
Abstract
High quality and vigorous seeds perform better physiological activities, and therefore play a key role in successful field crop production. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of mother plant NPK nutrition on seed physiological activity and biochemical changes during seed germination in wheat. In this study three levels of NPK fertilizers (T1: non-fertilized or control, T2: 110 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 + 55 kg K2O ha-1, and T3: 200 kg N + 120 kg P2O5 + 100 kg K2O ha-1) were applied to the wheat plants and the seeds which were obtained from these plants were kept for germination test, and the physiological parameters were analyzed. The results indicated that mother plant NPK nutrition has significantly enhanced seed germination percentage, seedling fresh weight, soluble protein, phytase activity and inorganic P, and accelerated phytate metabolism during the germination period. Phytase activity was maximum on 6th day of germination and phytase level was increased by 10.4% in seeds obtained from T3 treated plants compared to T1. At the end of 7 days from germination the contents of inorganic P and soluble protein were increased by 91.7 and 41.0% with T3treatment compared to T1, respectively. Phytate breakdown resulted in increased inorganic P (4.6-fold) bioavailability on 7th day of germination compared to 0-day. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that seed viability and physiological performance of seedlings can be improved with adequate NPK fertilization of the mother plants in wheat.
Azeke MA, Samuel Jacob E, Mary Ugunushe E, Godwin Ihimire I. 2010. Effect of germination on the phytase activity, phytate and total phosphorus contents of rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), millet (Panicum miliaceum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Journal of Food Science and Technology 48, 724–729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-010-0186-y
Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye-biniding. Annual of Biochemistry 72, 248-254.
Barker AV, Pilbeam DJ. 2007. Handbook of Plant Nutrition. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
Bittman S, Simpsan GM. 1989. Drought effect on water relation of tree cultivated grasses. Crop Science 29, 992-999.
Brady NC, Weil RR. 2008. The Nature and Properties of Soils. Revised 14th Ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
Bungard RAA, Wingler, Morton JD, Andrews M. 1999. Ammonium can stimulate nitrate and nitrite reductase in the absence of nitrate in Clematis vitalba. Plant Cell Environment 22, 859–866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00456.x
Debnath D, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Baruah K, Yengkokpam S, Mukherjee SC. 2005. Present scenario and future prospects of phytaseinaqua feed. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 18, 1800–1812.
Doddagoudar SRBS, Vyakaranahal, Shekhargouda M. 2004. Effect of mother plant nutrition and chemical spray on seed germination and seedling vigour of China Aster Cv. Kamini. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science 17, 701-704.
Hampton JG. 1992. Report of the Vigor Test Committee, 1983-1986. Seed Science and Technology15, 507-522.
Havlin JL, Beaton JD, Tisdale SLWL. 2005. Nelson Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: An Introduction to Nutrient Management. 7th (Ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
Houde RL, Alli I, Kermasha S. 1990. Purification and characterization of canola seed phytase. Journal of Food Biochemistry 14, 331–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.17454514.1990.tb00846.x
Jifon JL, Lester GE. 2009. Foliar potassium fertilization improves fruit quality of field grown muskmelon on calcareous soils in South Texas. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 89, 2452-2460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3745
Karl A, Wyant, Jessica R, Corman, James Elser J. 2013. Phosphorus, Food and Our Future. Oxford University press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199916832.001.0001
Kumar V, Sinha AK, Makkar HPS, Becker K. 2010. Dietary roles of phytate and phytase in human nutrition: a review. Food Chemistry 120, 945–959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.052
Lester GE, Jifon JL, Makus DJ. 2010. Impact of potassium nutrition on postharvest fruit quality: melon (Cucumis melo L.) Case study. Plant Soil 335, 117-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0227-3
Ma X, Shan A. 2002. Effect of germination and heating on phytase activity in cereal seeds. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 15, 1036-1039. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.1036
Shimizu MM, Mazzafera P. 2000. Compositional changes of proteins and amino acids in germinating coffee seeds. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 43, 259-265. www.dx.doi.org/10.1590/S151689132000000300003
Sokrab AM, Isam A, Mohamed A, Elfadil Babiker E. 2012. Effect of germination on antinutritional factors, total, and extractable minerals of high and low phytate corn (Zea mays L.). Journal of Saudi Society of Agricultural Science 11, 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2012.02.002
Sung HG, Shin HT, Ha JK, Lai HL, Cheng KJ, Lee J. 2005. Effect of germination temperature on characteristics of phytase production from barley. Bioresource Technology 96, 1297–1303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.10.010
Sylvia DM,Furhmann JJ, Hartel PG, Zuberer DA. 2005. Principles and Application of Soil Microbiology. 2nd (Ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
Mohammad Safar Noori, 2018. Physiological and biochemical changes during seed germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by mother plant NPK nutrition. Int. J. Agron. Agric. Res., 12(3), 19-24.
Copyright © 2018 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.