home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Phytochemical and comparative biological studies of Diospyros kaki extracts

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/01/2019
Views (558) Download (33)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Phytochemical and comparative biological studies of Diospyros kaki extracts

Zohra Zreen, Shumaila Kiran, Amjad Hameed, Tahsin Gulzar, Tahir Farooq
Int. J. Biosci.14( 1), 207-223, January 2019.
Certificate: IJB 2019 [Generate Certificate]
Key: antioxidantsBiological activitiesDiospyros kakiIndigenous medicinal plantPhytochemical screening

Abstract

Many plants attained popularity as medicinal plants but still various horizons require analyst’s interest. Amongst, Diospyros kaki is one of these medicinal plants granted with potent antioxidant activity. This study was focused to elucidate antioxidant status and biological activities of D. kaki with special reference to its bioactive molecules linked to various health claims. Phytochemicals like saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins were screened qualitatively in different organs by successive extraction with solvents of increasing polarity from less polar to more polar solvents along with determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents quantitatively. Moreover, with respect to phytopharmaceutical potential In vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-diabetic activities were also evaluated.  Phytochemical screening reflected presence of active constituents in all organs but abundance of these was found in ethanol and methanol extracts of leaves and unripe fruit. Similarly, methanol extract of leaves revealed significant anticancer, anti-inflammatory and  antibacterial  activity against gram negative bacteria whereas anti fungal, anti-diabetic and antibacterial  activity against gram positive bacteria were shown in ethanol extract of unripe fruit. These findings concluded that D. kaki could be capitalized in pharmacology due to presence of different phytochemicals comprising of antioxidant characteristics but resulted remarkable phytochemicals in leaves and unripe fruit extracts in addition to significant biological activities make them more remarkable and profound amongst other extracts. Methanol and ethanol extracts due to good purity level as compared to other solvents found to be more dynamic against biological activities. Keeping in mind the above facts, further biological and pharmaceutical investigations are required to characterize new bioactive components.

VIEWS 25
Cover PDF

Ainsworth EA, Gillespie KM. 2007. Estimation of total phenolic content and other oxidation substrates in plant tissues using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Natural Protocol 2(4), 875-877.

Alzoreky N, Nakahara KJ. 2003. Antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in Asia.  International journal of food microbiology 80(3), 223-230.

Bauer A, Kirby W, Sherris JC, Turck MJ. 1966.  Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American journal of clinical pathology 36(3), 493-496.

Baxter H, Harborne JB, Moss GP. 1998. Phytochemical dictionary: a handbook of bioactive compounds from plants: CRC press.

Bei W, Zang L, Guo J, Peng W, Xu A, Good DA, Hu Y, Wu W, Hu D, Zhu X. 2009. Neuroprotective effects of a standardized flavonoid extract from Diospyros kaki leaves. Journal of ethnopharmacology  126(1), 134-142.

Bishayee A, Ahmed S, Brankov N, Perloff M. 2011.  Triterpenoids as potential agents for the chemoprevention and therapy of breast cancer. Frontiers in bioscience: a journal and virtual library  16, 980-996.

Butt MS, Sultan MT, Aziz M, Naz A, Ahmed W, Kumar N, Imran M. 2015. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit: hidden phytochemicals and health claims. EXCLI journal  14, 542.

Caceres A, Saravia A, Rizzo S, Zabala L, De Leon E, Nave F. 1992.  Pharmacologie properties of Moringa oleifera. 2: Screening for antispasmodic, antiinflammatory and diuretic activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 36(3), 233-237.

Carson C, Hammer K, Riley TJM. 1995. Broth micro-dilution method for determining the susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil). Journal of  Microbiology  82(332), 181-185.

Céspedes CL, El-Hafidi M, Pavon N, Alarcon J. 2008. Antioxidant and cardioprotective activities of phenolic extracts from fruits of Chilean blackberry Aristotelia chilensis (Elaeocarpaceae), Maqui. Food Chemistry 107(2), 820-829.

Chaturvedi PK, Bhui K, Shukla Y.  2008. Lupeol: connotations for chemoprevention. Cancer Letters  263(1), 1-13.

Dahanukar S, Kulkarni R, Rege N. 2000. Pharmacology of medicinal plants and natural products. Indian journal of pharmacology 32(4), S81-S118.

Das A, Sharma D. 2001.  Organic desulfurization of Assam coal and its sulfur-rich lithotypes by sequential solvent extraction to obtain cleaner fuel. Energy sources 23(8), 687-697.

Das K, Tiwari R, Shrivastava DKJ. 2010.  Techniques for evaluation of medicinal plant products as antimicrobial agents: current methods and future trends  4(2), 104-111.

Edeoga H, Okwu D, Mbaebie B. 2005. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. African journal of biotechnology 4(7), 685-688.

El Astal Z, Ashour A, Kerrit AJ. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plant extracts in Palestine.Pakistan Journal of Medicinal Scienecs  21(2), 187-193.

Evans WC. 2002. Trease and evans.WB Saunders Harcourt Publishers Ltd 292, 357-375.

Giordani E, Doumett S, Nin S, Del Bubba M. 2011. Selected primary and secondary metabolites in fresh persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.): A review of analytical methods and current knowledge of fruit composition and health benefits. Food Research International  44(7), 1752-1767.

Han X, Shen T, Lou H. 2007. Dietary polyphenols and their biological significance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 8(9), 950-988.     .

Hollman PC, Katan MB. 1999. Health effects and bioavailability of dietary flavonols. Free Radical Research  31(1), 75-80.

Hosamani P, Lakshman H, Sandeepkumar K, Hosamani RJ. 2011. Antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata Wall. Science Research Reporter 1(2), 92-95.

Hosny M, Rosazza JP. 2002.  Novel oxidations of (+)-catechin by horseradish peroxidase and laccase. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 50(20), 5539-5545.

Houghton P, Raman A. 2012. Laboratory handbook for the fractionation of natural extracts: Springer Science & Business Media.

Iwaki K, Koya-Miyata S, Kohno K, Ushio S, Fukuda SJ. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of Polygonum tinctorium Lour: extract against oral pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Natural Medicines 60(2), 121-125.

Jain SC, Singh R, Jain RJR. 2008. Antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. and Hook. Fil ex Gray.  Journal of Medicinal Plant 2(2), 61-65.

Jang HD, Chang KS, Huang YS, Hsu CL, Lee SH, Su MS. 2007. Principal phenolic phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of three Chinese medicinal plants. Food Chemistry 103, 749-756.

Jang IC, Jo EK, Bae MS, Lee HJ, Jeon GI, Park E, Yuk HG, Ahn GH, Lee SC. 2010.  Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of different parts of persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) fruit. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(2), 155-160.

Jeyaseelan EC, Jenothiny S, Pathmanathan M, Jeyadevan J. 2012. Antibacterial activity of sequentially extracted organic solvent extracts of fruits, flowers and leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. from Jaffna. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine 2(10), 798-802.

Kähkönen MP, Hopia AI, Vuorela HJ, Rauha J-P, Pihlaja K, Kujala TS, Heinonen MJ. 1999. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. Journal of agricultural Heinonen and food chemistry 47(10), 3954-3962.

Kashif M, Akhtar N, Mustafa R. 2017. An overview of dermatological and cosmeceutical benefits of Diospyros kaki and its phytoconstituents. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia.

Kawakami K, Aketa S, Nakanami M, Iizuka S, Hirayama MJ. 2010. Major water-soluble polyphenols, proanthocyanidins, in leaves of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) and their α-amylase inhibitory activity.  Bioscience,Biotechnology

Kawase M, Motohashi N, Satoh K, Sakagami H, Nakashima H, Tani S, Shirataki Y, Kurihara T, Spengler G, Wolfard K. 2003. Biological activity of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) peel extracts. Phytotherapy research 17(5), 495-500.

Khan A, Rahman M, Islam SJT. 2007. Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of tuberous roots of Amorphophallus campanulatus. Journal of Biology 31(3), 167-172.

Kim KS, Lee DS, Kim DC, Yoon CS, Ko W, Oh H, Kim YC. 2016.  Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Coussaric and Betulinic Acids Isolated from Diospyros kaki in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules  21(9), 1206.

Kim HW, Lee CH, Lee HS. 2009.  Antibacterial activities of persimmon roots-derived materials and 1, 4-naphthoquinone’s derivatives against intestinal bacteria. Food Science and Biotechnology 18(3), 755-760.

Kuppusamy P, Yusoff MM, Parine NR, Govindan N. 2015. Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Commelina nudiflora L. extracts prepared by different polar solvents. Saudi journal of biological sciences 22(3), 293-301. and Biochemistry 74(7), 1380-1385.

Li C, Bei W, Li Y, Lou J. 2007. Ethylacetate extract of Diospyros kaki leaf for preventing and treating hyperglycemic, diabetes and metabolic syndromes. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu 32, 21-23.

Liby KT, Yore MM, Sporn MB. 2007. Triterpenoids and rexinoids as multifunctional agents for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer 7(5), 357-369.

Leelaprakash G, Dass SM. 2011. Invitro anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Enicostemma axillare. International Journal of Drug Development and Research 3(3), 189-196.

Madaan R, Bansal G, Kumar S, Sharma A. 2011. Estimation of total phenols and flavonoids in extracts of Actaea spicata roots and antioxidant activity studies. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences 73(6), 666.

 Miller GL. 1959. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal alytical Chemistry 31(3), 426-428

Mizushima Y, Kobayashi M. 1968.  Interaction of anti‐inflammatory drugs with serum proteins, especially with some biologically active proteins. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 20(3), 169-173.

Mosmann T. 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of immunological methods 65(1-2), 55-63.

Mullauer FB, Kessler JH, Medema JP. 2010.  Betulinic acid, a natural compound with potent anticancer effects. Anti-cancer drugs 21(3), 215-227.

Nounagon MS, Dah-Nouvlessounon D, N’tcha C, Akorede SM, Sina H, Noumavo PA, Baba-Moussa F, Bade F, Adjadohoun A, Baba-Moussa ESJ. 2017. Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of Combretum adenogonium Leaves Extracts. European Scientific Journal 13(30), 358-375.

Patil S, Kadam V, Ghosh R. 2009. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of stem bark of Gmelina arborea Roxb.(Verbenaceae). International Journal of PharmTech Research 1(4), 1408-1484.

Patlolla MRJ, Rao VC. 2012. Triterpenoids for cancer prevention and treatment: current status and future prospects. Current pharmaceutical biotechnology 13(1), 147-155

Rabi T, Gupta S. 2008. Dietary terpenoids and prostate cancer chemoprevention. Frontiers in bioscience: a journal and virtual library 13, 3457-3469.

Rice-evans CA, Miller NJ, Bolwell PG, Bramley PM, Pridham JB. 1995. The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids. Free radical research  22(4), 375-383.

Rossi M, Bosetti C, Negri E, Lagiou P, Vecchia CL. 2010. Flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and cancer risk: a network of case-control studies from Italy. Nutrition and cancer 62(7), 871-877.

Rios J, Recio M, Villar AJ. 1998. Screening methods for natural products with antimicrobial activity: a review of the literature. Journal of ethnopharmacology 23(2-3), 127-149.

Savithramma N, Rao ML, Ankanna S. 2012. Preliminary phytochemical screening of some important medicinal plants. Internation journal of Ayurved Herbal Medicine  2(1), 139-145.

Sakat S, Juvekar AR, Gambhire MN. 2010. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Oxalis corniculata Linn. International Journal of pharmacy and  Pharmaceutical  Sciences 2(1), 146-155.

Shahidi Bonjar G, Aghighi S, Karimi Nik AJ. 2004. Antibacterial and antifungal survey in plants used in indigenous herbal-medicine of south east regions of Iran. Journal of Biological Sciences  4(3), 405-412.

Singh S, Joshi H. 2011. Diospyros kaki (Ebenaceae): a review. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science 1(3), 55-58.

Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. In: Methods in enzymology. vol. 299, Elsevier, 152-178.

Sofowora A. 1982. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa: John Wiley and sons LTD.

Steinmetz KA, Potter JD. 1996.  Vegetables, fruit, and cancer prevention: a review.  Journal of the american dietetic association  96(10), 1027-1039.

Sugihara N, Arakawa T, Ohnishi M, Furuno KJ. 1999. Anti-and pro-oxidative effects of flavonoids on metal-induced lipid hydroperoxide-dependent lipid peroxidation in cultured hepatocytes loaded with α-linolenic acid. Free Radical Biology Furuno and Medicine 27(11-12), 1313-1323.

Suzuki T, Someya S, Hu F, Tanokura M. 2005.  Comparative study of catechin compositions in five Japanese persimmons (Diospyros kaki). Food Chemistry  93(1), 149-152.

Thirumurugan KJ. 2010. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of selected Indian folk medicinal plants. Steroids 1(10), 430-434.

Thuong PT, Lee CH, Dao TT, Nguyen PH, Kim WG, Lee SJ, Oh WK. 2008. Triterpenoids from the leaves of Diospyros kaki (persimmon) and their inhibitory effects on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Journal of natural products 71(10), 1775-1778.

Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur HJ. 2011. Phytochemical screening and extraction: a review. Internationale pharmaceutica sciencia 1(1), 98-106.

Torel J, Cillard J, Cillard PJ. 1986. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids and reactivity with peroxy radical.  Phytochemistry 25(2), 383-385.

Uddin G, Rauf A, Arfan M, Ali M, Qaisar M, Saadiq M, Atif M. 2012. Preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Bergenia caliata. Middle-East Journal of Scientific  Research  11(8), 1140-1142.

Wang H, Cao G, Prior RL. 1996. Total antioxidant capacity of fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44(3), 701-705.

Wuyep PA, Musa HD, Ezemokwe GC, Nyam DD, SilaGyang MD. 2017. Phytochemicals from Ageratum conyzoides L. Extracts and their Antifungal Activity against Virulent Aspergillus spp. Journal of Academia SilaGyang and Industrial Research 6(3), 32-39.

Xie C, Xie Z, Xu X, Yang D. 2015. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves: a review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 163, 229-240. Yao Y,

Sang W, Zhou M, Ren GJ. 2010. Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of 11 celery cultivars. Journal of Food Science 75(1), C9-C13.

Yaqub S, Farooq U, Shafi A, Akram K, Murtaza MA, Kausar T, Siddique F. 2016. Chemistry and functionality of bioactive compounds present in persimmon. Journal of Chemistry  2016, 1-13.

Yin R, Xiao X, Xu Y, Liu X, Li C, Liu C, Wang D. 2010. Research information and review on the leaves of Diospyros kaki L II. Pharmacokinetics of major active compounds of Diospyros kaki L. Asian Journal of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics 10(4), 271-285.

Zhang K, Wu J, Liang C, Zhou F, Liang P, Wen J, Ma Y. 1983. Studies on the chemical constituents of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaves (I). Chinese Traditional Herbal Drugs  14(2), 4-6.

Zhou Z, Huang Y, Liang J, Ou M, Chen J, Li G. 2016. Extraction, purification and anti-radiation activity of persimmon tannin from Diospyros kaki Lf. Journal of environmental radioactivity 162, 182-188.

Submit Manuscript