Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antihyperglycemic effects of a local variety of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seed extract in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mice
Paper Details
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antihyperglycemic effects of a local variety of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seed extract in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mice
Abstract
This study aimed to screen phytochemical constituents and evaluate the antihyperglycemic effects of a locally-grown cacao plant, Theobroma cacao, in streptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemic mice. Cacao seeds are commonly used in the preparation of cocoa powder and chocolate production. Fresh (FR) cacao seed extracts and fermented (FE) cacao seed extracts were tested. Cacao seeds were collected, washed, sun dried and roasted. One preparation was fermented before sun drying and roasting. Seeds were defatted in petroleum ether and extracted in aqueous ethanol. When solvent extracts of FR and FE seeds at a dose of 100mg/kg bw, 250mg/kg bw and 500mg/kg bw were given to hyperglycemic mice significant (P<0.0001) antihyperglycemic activity was observed. Phytochemical screening of FR and FE seed extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, cuomarins and xanthoproteins. Total flavonoid content (mg quercetin/g) and total steroid content (mg cholesterol/g) were higher in FE seed extracts, while total phenolic content (mg gallic/g) was higher in FR seed extracts. The antihyperglycemic activity was also exhibited during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Agwaya MS, Vuzi C, Nandutu AM. 2016. Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous Root Bark Extract Zanthoxylum chalybeum in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Journal of Diabetes Research. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8727590.
Albertini B, Schoubben A, Guarnaccia D, Pinelli F, Della Vecchia M, Ricci M, Di Renzo GC, Blasi P. 2015. Effect of fermentation and drying on cocoa polyphenols. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63(45), 9948-9953. https://doi.org/ 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01062 Carotenoids. https:// www. ajol.info //index.php/bajopas/article/view/100092
Chaudhury A, Duvoor C, Reddy Dendi VS, Kraleti S, Chada A, Ravilla R, Marco A, Shekhawat NS, Montales MT, Kuriakose K, Sasapu A, Beebe A, Patil N, Musham CK, Lohani GP, Mirza W. 2017. Clinical Review of Antidiabetic Drugs: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management. Frontiers in Endocrinology 8, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00006
Crozier SJ, Preston AG, Hurst JW, Payne MJ, Mann J, Hainly L, Miller DL. 2011. Cacao seeds are a “Super Fruit”: A comparative analysis of various fruit powders and products. Chemistry Central Journal 5, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-5-5.
Deeds MC, Anderson JM, Armstrong AS, Gastineau DA, Hiddinga HJ, Jahangir A, Eberhardt NL, Kudva YC. 2011. Single dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes: considerations for study design in islet transplantation models. Laboratory Animals 45(3), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1258/la.2010.010090
Feka PD, Mohammed SY, Shaibu MA, Solomon RS. 2013. Phytochemical Screening and antimicrobial efficacy of Alternanthera nodiflora extracts. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 6(2): 101-104.
Khan H, Mende S, Rafiq A, Gabbidon K, Reddy PH. 2017. Methods needed to measure predictive accuracy: A study of diabetic patients. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease 1863(5), 1046-1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.007
King AJ. 2012. The use of animal models in diabetes research. British Journal of Pharmacology 166(3), 877-894. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01911
Lima LJR, Almeida MH, Rob Nout MJ, Zwietering MH. 2011. Theobroma cacao L., “The Food of the Gods”: Quality determinants of commercial cocoa beans, with particular reference to the impact of fermentation, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 51(8), 731-761, DOI: 10.1080/104083910
Magat S, Secretaria MI. 2007. Coconut-Cacao Cropping Model. Cacao Intercropping Guide No. 7. Philippine Coconut Authority QC.
Mapa DS. 2020. Philippine Statistics Authority. Causes of Deaths in the Philippines (Preliminary): January to December 2020. https://psa.gov.ph/content/causes-deaths-philippines-preliminary-january-december-2020. Reference Number:2021-114. Release Date: March 16, 2021
Novelli M, Bonamassa B, Masini M, Funel N, Canistro D, De Tata V, Martano M, Soleti A, Campani D, Paolini M, Masiello P. 2010. Persistent correction of hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice by a non-conventional radical scavenger. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology 382(2), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-010-0524-7.
Pandita N, Vaidya A. 2015. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies of Cassia absus seed extracts. International Journal for Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 8, Issue 1, 325-332. https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijpps/article/view/9455/5740.
Ragesh KD, Vasantha S, Rajesh NV, Panneerselvam, A. 2014. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis in four pteridophytes. 2014. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 27(2), 408-412.
Ruzaidi AMM, Abbe J, Amin I, Nawalyah AG, Muhajir H. 2008. Protective effect of polyphenol-rich extract prepared from Malaysian cocoa (Theobroma cacao) on glucose levels and lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 88, 1442-1447. DOI: 10.1002/jfsa.3236.
Senguttuvan J, Paulsamy S, Karthika K. 2014. Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of leaf and root parts of the medicinal herb, Hypochaeris radicata L. for in vitro antioxidant activities. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 4(Suppl 1), S359-S367. https://doi.org/10.12980/APJTB. 4.204C
Sorescu AA, Nuta A, Ion RM, Ion Iancu L. 2018. Qualitative Analysis of Phytochemicals from Sea Buckthorn and Gooseberry. https://www. intechopen.com/chapters/61610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77365
Zhang P. 2011. Glucose Tolerance Test in Mice. Bio-protocol. Bio 101, e159. DOI: 10.21769/Bio toc.159.
Lirio Gudina C Mangawil, Maria Nilda M Munoz, Unnis P Aguilor (2022), Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antihyperglycemic effects of a local variety of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seed extract in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mice; IJB, V20, N2, February, P368-377
https://innspub.net/phytochemical-screening-and-evaluation-of-antihyperglycemic-effects-of-a-local-variety-of-cacao-theobroma-cacao-l-seed-extract-in-streptozotocin-induced-hyperglycemic-mice/
Copyright © 2022
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0