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Pollen fertility in wild × cultivated F1 hybrid of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

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Research Paper 01/11/2015
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Pollen fertility in wild × cultivated F1 hybrid of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Eric B. Kouam, Remy S. Pasquet, Mathieu Ndomou
Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res.7( 5), 43-50, November 2015.
Certificate: IJAAR 2015 [Generate Certificate]
Key: CowpeaF1 hybridPollen fertilityReproductive barrier

Abstract

Hybridization is progressively more recognized as an important process in the evolution of plant populations and species. In order to produce F1  hybrid plants, three subspecies of wild cowpea namely  ssp. spontanea, ssp. stenophylla and ssp. tenius were crossed with the cultivated cowpea subspecies namely ssp. unguiculata (524B). The resulting F1  hybrids were evaluated for pollen fertility, determined from more than 2000 pollen grains. Pollen fecundity in hybrid groups (74.45 ± 1.54) was significantly lower (t = 9.987, df= 51; p < 0.0001) compared to those of parent groups (95.27 ± 0.29). Between parents groups, one-way analysis of variance test at p < 0.050  showed no significant difference in Pollen fertility (F = 2.450; p = 0.093) while significant difference in pollen fecundity was found between hybrid groups (F  = 8.063  ; p < 0.010 ). spontanea (♀) × (♂) 524B F1 hybrid produced significantly more fertile pollens compared to  tenius  (♀) × (♂) 524B and stenophylla (♀) × (♂)  524B F1  hybrids. This indicates that with the cultivated cowpea (524B), reproductive barrier are significantly more pronounced with wild forms ssp. stenophyllla and ssp. tenius compared to ssp. spontanea. ssp. spontanea  is therefore the wild cowpea subspecies more closed to the cultivated cowpea (ssp. unguiculata  ) compared to  ssp. tenius  and  ssp. stenohylla. Implications of these results in the  light of the development of a CMS (Cytoplasmic Male Sterile) plant in hybrid cowpea seed technology are discussed.

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