home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and etiology of cancer: a case control study in the residents of Karachi city

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/08/2016
Views (341) Download (9)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and etiology of cancer: a case control study in the residents of Karachi city

Mohammad Attaullah, Masarrat J. Yousuf, Sohail Shaukat, Alia B. Munshi, Sobia Khawaja, Syed Ishtiaq Anjum
J. Bio. Env. Sci.9( 2), 212-221, August 2016.
Certificate: JBES 2016 [Generate Certificate]
Key: CancerElectron Capture DetectorEnvironmental chemicalsGas chromatographyPolychlorinated biphenyls

Abstract

Residues of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) were comparatively evaluated in the serum samples of cancer patients and healthy residents of Karachi City. This was a preliminary work on the role of PCBs in the etiology of cancer in Pakistan. A random collection of fasting blood samples from diagnosed cancer patients having various malignancies and healthy humans was carried out with informed consent of the donors at various hospitals of Karachi. Serum was separated within 2 hours of collection and then analyzed for residues of the seven PCBs (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180 and PCB 209) on Gas Chromatograph coupled with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). PCBs were detected in 93.98% of the cancer cases and 93.75 % of the normal subjects. Mean level of total PCBs (ΣPCBs) was found significantly elevated in the cancer group (2.711 mg/kg) compared with the control group (0.536 mg/kg). PCB 52 was the most prevalent PCB congener with a mean level of 2.044 mg/kg in the cancer group and 0.134 mg/kg in the control group. It was observed that concentrations of PCBs increased linearly with the increasing age of the cancer patients. Highest mean concentration of ΣPCBs was found in the cases of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia as 11.962 mg/kg. In light of the obtained results, it has concluded that PCBs are positively associated with the etiology of cancer. Further research is recommended to know the exact role and mechanism of PCBs in the field of oncology.

VIEWS 11
Cover PDF

Ali TZ, Baig S. 2006. Evaluation of a Cancer Awareness Campaign: Experience with a Selected Population in Karachi. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 7, 391-395.

ATSDR. 2000. Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Atlanta, GA, US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 765 pp.

ATSDR. 2014. Case Studies in Environmental Medicine, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Toxicity. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Course: WB 2460.

Atuma SS, Aune M. 1999. Method for the determination of PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides in human serum. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 62,8-15.

Aziz Z, Sana S, Saeed S, Akram M. 2003. Institution based tumor registry from Punjab: Five year data based analysis. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 53(8).

Bhurgri Y, Bhurgri A, Pervez S, Bhurgri M, Kayani N, Ahmed R, Usman A, Hasan SH. 2005. Cancer Profile of Hyderabad, Pakistan, 1998-2002. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention      6, 474-480.

Bhurgri Y, Pervez S, Kayani N, Bhurgri A, Usman A, Bashir I, Ahmed R, Hasan, SH,Khurshid M. 2006. Cancer Profile of Larkana, Pakistan (2000-2002).Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 7, 518-521.

Bhurgri Y. 2004. Karachi Cancer Registry Data Implications for the National Cancer Control Program of Pakistan. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 5, 77-82.

Clark HA, Snedeker SM. 2005. Critical evaluation of the cancer risk of Dibromochloropropane (DBCP). Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews 23, 215-260.

DeCaprio AP, Tarbell AM, Bott A, Wagemaker DL, Williams RL, O’Hehir MO. 2000. Routine analysis of 101 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in human serum by parallel dual-column gas chromatography with electron capture detector. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 24, 403-420.

Dharmani C, Jaga K. 2005. Epidemiology of acute organophosphate poisoning in hospital emergency room patients. Reviews in Environmental Health 20, 215-232.

Ghosh S, De S, Chen Y, Sutton DC, Ayorinde FO, Dutta SK. 2010. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 153) and (PCB 77) absorption in human liver (Hep G2) and kidney (HK2) cells in vitro: PCB levels and cell death. Environment International 36, 893-900.

Glynn AW, Granath F, Aune M, Atuma S, Darnerud PO, Bjerselius R,Vainio H, Weiderpass E. 2003. Organochlorines in Swedish Women: Determinants of serum concentrations. Environmental Health Perspectives 111, 349-355.

Hanif M, Zaidi P, Kamal S, Hameed A. 2009. Institution-based Cancer Incidence in a Local Population in Pakistan: Nine Year Data Analysis. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 10, 227-230.

Hoppin JA, Tolbert PE, Holly EA, Brock JW, Korrick SA, Altshul LM, et al. 2000. Pancreatic Cancer and Serum Organochlorine Levels. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 9, 199-205.

HSDB. 2003. Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Compiled by the National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substance Data Bank: http://csi.micromedex. com/ Data/HS/HS3945H.htm.

Imam SZ, Rehman F, Zeeshan MM, Maqsood B, Asrar S, Fatima N, Aslam F, Khawaja MR. 2009. Perceptions and Practices of a Pakistani Population Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 9, 42-44.

Infante-Rivard C, Weichenthal S. 2007. Pesticides and childhood cancer: An update of Zahm and Ward’s 1998 review. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, Critical Reviews 10, 81-99.

James MO, Robertson Hansen. 2001. Polychlorinated biphenyls: metabolism and metabolites. The University Press of Kentucky p. 36-46.

Khawaja MA. 2003. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) problem in Pakistan. SDPI Research News Bulletin (May – June 2).

Khawaja S, Yousuf MJ, Khan AJ. 2010. Polychlorinated Residues in Milk of Lactating Women from Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 6, 153-157.

Laden F, Collman G, Iwamoto K, Alberg AJ, Berkowitz GS, Freudenheim JL et al. 2001.1, 1-Dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene and Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Breast Cancer: Combined Analysis of Five U.S. Studies. Journal of Natural Cancer Institute 93, 768-76.

Oakley GG, Devanaboyina U, Robertson LW, Gupta RC. 1996. Oxidative DNA damage induced by activation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Implications for PCB-induced oxidative stress in breast cancer. Chemical Research in Toxicology 9, 1285-1292.

Peterson KR. 2008. “Cancer (medicine).” Micros oft® Encarta® 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, W.A., Microsoft Corporation 2008.

Quintana PJE, Delfino RJ, Korrick S, Ziogas A, Kutz FW, Jones EL et al. 2004. Adipose Tissue Levels of Organ chlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Risk of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Environmental Health Perspectives 112, 854-861.

Stellman SD, Djordjevic MV, Britton JA, Muscat JE, Citron ML, Kemeny M, Busch E, Gong L. 2000. Breast Cancer Risk in Relation to Adipose Concentrations of Organ chlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 9, 1241-1249.

Stewart BW, Wild CP, editors 2014. World Cancer Report, 3rd February, 2014 by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Lyon, France.

Tharappel JC, Lee EY, Robertson LW, Spear BT, Glauert HP. 2002. Regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and transcription factor activities during the promotion of liver carcinogenesis by polychlorinated biphenyls. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 179, 172-184.

USEPA Method. 3620C 2007. Florisil cleanup. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Revision 3, CD-ROM pp. 1-27.

USEPA Method. 3665A 1996. Sulfuric acid Permanganate cleanup. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Revision 1, CD-ROM. pp 1-5.

USEPA Method. 8082A 2007. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by gas chromatography. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Revision 1, CD-ROM pp. 1-56.

Ward EM, Schulte P, Grajewski B. 2000. Serum Organ chlorine Levels and Breast Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study of Norwegian Women. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 19, 1357-1367.

Weiderpass E, Adami H, Baron JA, Wicklund-Glynn A, Aune M, Atuma S, Ingemar PI. 2000. Organochlorines and Endometrial Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 9, 487-493.

Submit Manuscript